Immunizations Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is a live, attenuated virus?
live microbe cultivated under conditions that disable their virulence provoke more durable immunological responses preferred type for healthy patients, not with compromised immune systems -they get inside and generate IgG that will neutralize it
What is an inactivated virus?
previously virulent micro-organisms killed by chemicals or heat incomplete or short-lived immune response may occur -they can’t get inside, but they produce IgG
What are toixoids?
inactivated toxic compounds from micro-organisms in cases where these (rather than the micro-organism itself) cause illness; require adjuvant for second signal and boosters -has A and B portions; the B portion binds the receptor and A gets inside - the B portion is the toixoid so you’re making antibodies against the B subunit so no binding can occur and A can’t get inside
What is a subunit?
An extracellular fragment of the micro-organism can create an immune response require adjuvant for second signal and boosters
What are examples of live, attenuated?
MMR, varicella
What are examples of inactivated?
Polio (IPV), flu, hepatitis A
What are examples of toxoids?
DPT
What are examples of subunit?
Hep B, PCV, whooping cough part of DPT
Advantages of Live attenuated vaccines?
Strong immune response; often lifelong immunity with few doses
Disadvantages of Live attenuated vaccines?
Requires refrigerated storage; may mutate to virulent form
Advantages of inactivated or killed vaccines?
Stable; safer than live vaccines; refrigerated storage not required
Disadvantages of inactivated or killed vaccines?
Weaker immune response than live vaccines; booster shots usually required
Advantages of toxoid vaccines?
immune system becomes primed to recognize bacterial toxins
disadvantages of toxoid vaccines?
none
Advantages of subunit vaccines?
specific antigens lower the chance of adverse reactions
disadvantages of subunit vaccines?
difficult to develop
Advantages of conjugate vaccines?
primes infant immune systems to recognize certain bacteria
Disadvantages of conjugate vaccines?
none
live microbe cultivated under conditions that disable their virulence provoke more durable immunological responses preferred type for healthy patients, not with compromised immune systems -they get inside and generate IgG that will neutralize it
attenuated virus
previously virulent micro-organisms killed by chemicals or heat incomplete or short-lived immune response may occur -they can’t get inside, but they produce IgG
inactivated virus
inactivated toxic compounds from micro-organisms in cases where these (rather than the micro-organism itself) cause illness; require adjuvant for second signal and boosters -has A and B portions; the B portion binds the receptor and A gets inside - the B portion is the toixoid so you’re making antibodies against the B subunit so no binding can occur and A can’t get inside
toixoids
An extracellular fragment of the micro-organism can create an immune response require adjuvant for second signal and boosters
subunit
MMR, varicella
examples of live, attenuated
Polio (IPV), flu, hepatitis A
examples of inactivated
