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Preventive Medicine > Immunizations > Flashcards

Immunizations Flashcards

0
Q

Herd Immunity

A

Vacc. everyone so those who cannot be vaccinated are still protected

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1
Q

What is the first Vaccine given to infants

A

Hep B

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2
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Protection by another source that is TRANSFERRED by injection

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3
Q

What is the type of immunity that is produced by a person’s own immune system?

A

Active immunity

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4
Q

Which type of immunity wanes?

A

Passive

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5
Q

Which type of immunity is more permanent?

A

Active

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6
Q

Immune globulin (IG), Hyperimmune globulin, anti toxin, monoclonal antibodies are all types of what type of immunity/

A

Passive Immunity

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7
Q

What is a type of paramyoxovirus?

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of LRI/AOM

A

RSV

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9
Q

What is the name of the antibody serum for RSV?

A

Synagias

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10
Q

Vaccines are a type of what type of immunity?

A

Active immunity

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11
Q

Name the 4 types of vaccines.

A

Live attenuated
Inactive
Polysaccharide
Recombinant

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12
Q

What type of vaccine is a weakened wild type?

A

Live vaccines

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13
Q

What type of vaccines retains the ability to replicate?

A

Live vaccines

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14
Q

List the 5 types of current Live vaccines.

A

MMR, Varicella, Rotavirus, Influenza, Yellow fever

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15
Q

What type of vaccine is the whole or fraction of the virus/bacterium?

A

Inactived vaccine

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16
Q

What type of vaccine requires multiple doses?

A

Inactivated vaccine

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17
Q

List the types of Inactived vaccines.

A

Polio, hepA, rabies, influenza, acellular pertussis, HPV, Diptheria, tetnus

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18
Q

T/F pollysaccahride vaccines are inactivated

A

True

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19
Q

What type of vaccine is genetically engineered into yeast/viral cells?

A

Recombinant Vaccines

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20
Q

Name types of Recombinant Vaccines

A

HepB, HPV, Typhoid, Live influenza

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21
Q

DTap is given to children or adults?

A

Children

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22
Q

List the dosing schedule for Diptheria, Tetnus, acelluar Pertusis.

A

2,4,6 months, 15-18 months

Boosters 4-6 years, 11-12 years, then every 10

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23
Q

T/F The Tx: for diptheria is an antitoxin

A

True

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24
Q

What disease is caused by clostridum tetani?

A

Tetnus

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25
Q

What is the first s/s of Tetnus?

A

Lock Jaw—> spasms

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26
Q

TIG stands for what? and what is it used fo?

A

Tetnus immune globulin; used for post-exposure prophylaxis

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27
Q

What is caused by Bordetella pertussis gram negative?

A

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

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28
Q

Name the three stages of pertussis

A

Catarrhaal: increase cough 2 weeks, cold s/s
Paroxysmal: burst(paroxysms) 1-6 weeks
Convalescent: gradual recovery but s/s can reoccur with RI

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29
Q

T/F If you around children less than 12 months or are pregnant you should not get a Tdap vaccine?

A

False

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30
Q

Tx for pertussis

A

Azithromycin

erythromycin/clindamycin

31
Q

What disease is caused by gram negative bacilli that can colonize in the nose?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

32
Q

Manifestations of H. influenzae type B

A

Meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, arthritis

33
Q

What is the Vaccine for Haemophilus influenza type B, and what is the dosing?

A

Dosing: 2,4,6 motnhs, 12-15 months

34
Q

Hep A is transmitted through what route?

A

Fecal-oral

35
Q

What is the incubation of Hep A?

A

28 days

36
Q

What is the vaccine for hep A and what is the dosing?

A

HepA: 2 doses- after 12 months of age 6-12 months apart.

37
Q

T/F Hep B is a blood borne pathogen?

A

True

38
Q

What virus can live on surfaces for 7 days?

A

Hep B

39
Q

What is the dosing for the Hep B Vaccine?

A

3 Doses: Birth, 2,6 months

40
Q

What disease is a live vaccine, paroxmyovirus and usually involes the respiratory epithelium?

A

Measles

41
Q

What disease is indicative of Koplik spots?

A

Measles

42
Q

T/F Mumps are not a paramyoxovirus.

A

False

43
Q

What disease is indicative of parotitis, orchitis, deafness?

A

Mumps

44
Q

What disease is caused by the toga virus?

A

Rubella

45
Q

What is congenital rubella syndrome?

A

Contracted when mother gets infected with Rubella during 1st trimester

46
Q

What is the vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella and what is the dosing?

A

MMR, MMRV, 2 doses: 12-15 months, 4-6 years

47
Q

What are some manifestations for Congenital rubella syndrome?

A

1 Deafness, cataracts, heart defects, microcephally, mental retardation, bone alterations, liver/spleen damage.

48
Q

What is Varicella’s incubation?

A

14-16 days

49
Q

Name potential complications of chicken pox.

A

Pneumonia, CNS symptoms, Reye’s syndrome, maternal varicella has a 30% infant death rate

50
Q

What is the dosing of varicella?

A

12-15 months and 4-6 years

51
Q

What vaccine is 70 % effective in preventing illness if given within 3 days of onset?

A

Varicella vaccine

52
Q

Streptococcal pneumoniae causes what disease?

A

Pneumococcal Disease

53
Q

What are major complications of Pneumococcal?

A

Meningitis <5 years,OM, pneumonia, bacteremia

54
Q

What is the vaccine for Pneumococcal and what is the dosing?

A

PPSV23 for 65

PCV13(4): 2,4,6, 15-18, 4-6years booster

55
Q

TX for bacterial Meningitis

A

Vancomycin+ cefotaxime or ceftriaoxone

56
Q

TX for AOM

A

Amoxicillin

57
Q

What disease has white infiltrate in the lungs?

A

Pneumococcal empyema

58
Q

What is a disease that is an enterovirus that spreads along nerve fibers and destroys motor nerves.

A

Poliomyelitis

59
Q

What is the Vaccine for polio and what is the dosing?

A

IPV: 2,4, 6-18 months, 4-6 yrs

60
Q

Why was Oral PV d/c’d in the US?

A

People were being infected with the actual polio virus.

61
Q

What disease stays in the stool up to 30 days?

A

Rotavirus

62
Q

What are the s/s of Rotavirus?

A

Diarrhea, vomitting, fever

63
Q

What is the Vaccine for Rotavirus?

A

RV1(2 dosings) RV5 (3): 2,4,6 months

64
Q

What is the name of the Virus that has over 100 types and is the # 1 most common STD?

A

Human Papilloma Virus HPV

65
Q

What are the vaccines and dosing for HPV?

A

HPV2, HPV4- approved in males: early as 9 years, 11-12 then 2-6 months after

66
Q

What disease is caused by Neisseria Meninditdis garm negative diplococci?

A

Meningococcal Meningitis

67
Q

What are the s/s of Meningococcal Meningitis?

A

Purpura rash, multi organ failure

68
Q

What is the vaccine and dosing for meningococcal?

A

MCV4, MPSV4->55years

Dosing: 11-13 booster @ 16 and those who travel to high risk areas.

69
Q

Tx Meningococcal

A

Cefotaxime/Ceftriaxone

70
Q

Herpes Zoster Vaccine is recommended for those older than what age?

A

50

71
Q

What are the types of influenza virus?

A

A: H(h1, h2,h3) N(n1,n2)
B: Milder types
C: Rare in humans

72
Q

What are complications of Influenza?

A

Pneumonia, myocarditis, Reye’s syndrome

73
Q

What is the vaccine for influenza and what is the dosing?

A

IIV or LAIV

Dosing: 2 doses given @ 1st time received vaccine 6 months-8 years. Then done annually.

74
Q

Pregnant women should receive which vaccine?

A

IIV

75
Q

T/F LAIV may cause URI but not influenza symptomss

A

True

Preventive Medicine (1 decks)

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