Immunization and Injections lectures 1 and 2 - review 3

Question 1

Efficacy definition

Answer 1

max ability of a vaccine to produce ad desired effect

Question 2

Effectiveness

Answer 2

the ability of a vaccine to produce the desired response under real world circumstances

Question 3

Immunogenicity

Answer 3

the ability of an antigen to produce a humoral or cell mediated response

Question 4

Vaccine dvelopment

Answer 4

pre clinical
- lab studies and animals

Clinical
- phase 1
fewer then 100 volunteers
is it safe? does it appear to work

• phase 2
  hundreds of volunteers
  is it safe, whats the best dose and schedule

-phase 3
thousands of volunteers
is it safe? how well does it work?

Approval by health cana’ds BRDD

can take up to 10 years or longer

Question 5

before marketing what needs to be submitted

Answer 5

data on vaccine safety, efficcy, and quality

Question 6

if apporved by hel;ath canda what do they issue?

Answer 6

notice of complinace and give a DIN number

Question 7

methods used to monitor vaccine saftey and effectiveness

Answer 7

1. passive survelilannce
2. actove survelilance
3. vaccine ffecivness tsudies
4. post - marketing surveillance
5. pahrmacovigilance activites

Question 8

what can we learn from post marketing studies and surveillance?

Answer 8

• rare disease or unexpected AE
• info on effectiveness
• evaluate impact on target audience
• monitor vaccine coverage and uptake
• inform vaccine related policies

Question 9

what is AEFI?

Answer 9

adverse vent follwing immunization

Question 10

where is a AEFI form sent?

Answer 10

to your province /territory loacl helath unit

Question 11

immunixation schdules

Answer 11

optimize immune response while atking into account other factors that affect vaccine safety and efficacy

Question 12

where may you encounter immunization requirment or mandates?

Answer 12

1. schoolds or daycare
2. post secodnary or uni
3. workplace
4. travel

Question 13

define these ethical principles

Benificenc

Non-malificent

Justice

Autonomy

Answer 13

Beneficence - act in best interest of patient and promote their well being

Non-maleficence - do no harm

Justice - act equitably, and fair to give appropriate treatment of patients

Autonomy - respect patients’s ability to make own decisions

Question 14

what is vaccine hesitancy

Answer 14

delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccine despite vaccine services

Question 15

what age can we inject for in Camada and in NL ?

Answer 15

Canada - 6 months and older

NL - 2 and older for influenza or covid
5 or older for all other injectable meds

Question 16

can we inject for cosmetic purposes?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

should we inject for someone with hisprtpy of AE?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

what schudle injection can we adminters?

Answer 18

Svhdule 1

Question 19

What injetion types can we do?

Answer 19

IM or SC

Question 20

can pharamcist prescibre for vaccine prevntable disease?

Answer 20

yes can prescirbe for schule 1 2 or 3 or unschduled

Question 21

what are the adult vaccinations

Answer 21

diptheria and tetantus - every 10 years
Singles: 1 or 2 doses staring at 50
influenza: annually
Pertussis: 1 dose as adult and for each pregenenacy
Penumococcal: 1 dose at 65 years of age

Question 22

consquence of imporper storage

Answer 22

loss of potency - so inadequate immune response

Question 23

where should we store vaccine? what should we monitor

Answer 23

fridges that are specifially for drugs

moniotr max and min tem

Question 24

what is the cold chain?

fridge temp?

freezer temp?

Answer 24

maintain temp control through transportation

fridge temp: 2-8 degress celsius

freezer: - 15 degress or lower

Question 25

maintaining the cold chain do and don’ts

Answer 25

do
- use a mesh basket
- keep the vaccine in the original package
- check fridge temp twice daily
- store baskets away from walls and other baskets
- fridge between 2-8 degrees Celsius

don’t
- store food or drink in the fridge
- put in solid containers
- put in drawers or one fridge floor

Question 26

maintaining the cold chain in the transport

Answer 26

• insulated temp-controlled container
• do not transport in car trunk
• keep out of direct sunlight

Question 27

how to manage a break in the cold chain

Answer 27

• quanrtaine item with date if cold chain break
• investuagte
• document
• not all breaks mean product spoilage
• for direction on how to proceed chvek public health or drug manufacturer/shipper

Question 28

the 5 P’s of reducing pain and axitey

Answer 28

Procedural
Physical
Psychology
Process
Pharmacological

Question 29

expedna on Pharmaoclogical

Answer 29

analgeics post injections

pre - topical anthetic apply 3-60 prior
lidocaine or prilocaine

Question 30

can we inject in acute illness?

Answer 30

in acute yes, mod or severe we need to evaluate

Question 31

in pregenacy what vaccine can we NOT get

Answer 31

live

Question 32

is live vaccine okay in BF?

Answer 32

may be contraindicated so check

Question 33

for patient on anticogulants or with clotting disorders what should we know

Answer 33

we can inject
hold pressure on injection site for 2 minutes or longer

Question 34

what should we know for immunosuppressed patients

Answer 34

monitpor serology
avoid live vaccine in severely immunocomprismised

Question 35

the 5 rights of medication

Answer 35

right person
right med
right dose
right time
right route