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Clinical Final Exam > Immunization > Flashcards

Immunization Flashcards

1
Q

What is the schedule for the DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine in infants and children?

A

Dose at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months.

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2
Q

What is the schedule for the pneumococcal conjugate 13 valent vaccine (Pneu-C-13) in infants and children?

A

Dose at 2, 4, and 12 months

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3
Q

What is the schedule for the rotavirus vaccine in infants and children?

A

Dose at 2 and 4 months

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4
Q

What is the schedule of the MMRV vaccine

A

Dose at 12 months and 2nd dose at 4-6 years

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5
Q

What is the schedule of the meningococcal C conjugate (Men-C-C) vaccine

A

One dose at 12 months

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6
Q

Schedule of the Tdap-IPV vaccine in infants and children

A

one dose at 4-6 years

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7
Q

Adults need a dose of what vaccine every 10 years?

A

Tetanus & diphtheria (Td) vaccine

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8
Q

Adults who have not received a pertussis containing vaccine in adulthood need a single dose of what vaccine

A

Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) vaccine

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9
Q

What vaccine is given as a single dose in grade 4 (after receiving one at 12 months)

A

Meningococcal C conjugate (Men-C-C) vaccine

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10
Q

What vaccines are given as 2 doses in grade 6?

A 
Hep B vaccine
HPV vaccine (boys and girls)
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11
Q

What vaccine is given in 2 doses to boys born between 2002-2004 at age 14-16

A

HPV vaccine

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12
Q

When is Tdap vaccine in school immunization schedule?

A

14-16 years old, one dose

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13
Q

Flu shot should be given to everyone, but what populations should especially get it?

A 
Seniors >65y
Children 6m-59m
Chronic illnesses
HCPs and first responders
Residents of long-term care homes
Pregnant women
Aboriginals
Severely overweight
Or if determined by HCP
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14
Q

Who should be given a pneumococcal shot (PPV23)? (one dose for most adults)

A 
>65y
Long term care home
CSF leak
Cochlear implants
Cardiac/pulmonary disease
Diabetes
Kidney or liver disease
Sickle cell/ other hemoglobinopathies
Immunodeficiencies
Asplenia
HIB
Transplant
Neurological condition
Leukemia/lymphoma
Nephrotic syndrome
Homeless
Illlicit drug users
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15
Q

Who should be given a second dose of pneumococcal vaccine after 5 years?

A 
Highest risk of invasive pneumococcal disease:
Asplenia
Sickle cell
Hepatic cirrhosis
Chronic renal failure
Immunosuppression (disease or therapy)
HIV
Nephrotic syndrome
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16
Q

What are the benefits of vaccines

A

The disease incidence drops

17
Q

What are the 3 types of vaccines?

A

Inactivated (killed)
Live attenuated
Purified/recombinant

18
Q

What are examples of inactivated vaccines?

A

Poliovirus (IPV)

Flu (influenza)

19
Q

What are examples of live-attenuated vaccines?

A 
MMR
Varicella
Yellow fever
Oral Typhoid
Oral Cholera
20
Q

What are examples of purified/recombinant vaccines?

A 
DTaP
Hib
HBV
Pneumococcal
Meningococcal
21
Q

What are characteristics of inactivated vaccine

A

Broad
Weaker immunity
Adverse effects to unwanted components

22
Q

What are characteristics of live attenuated virus

A

Broader

Stronger and longer immunity

23
Q

Characteristics of purified/recombinant vaccine

A

(protein, polysaccharide, or both)
Weaker immunity
Requires multiple dose`

24
Q

List the points about simultaneous administration

A

Use separate syringes at separate sites
Administer pneumococcal + influenza together when both indicated
Separate vaccine for same disease by >8 weeks
Live vaccines given on same day or separated by 4 weeks
MMR increases false negative tuberculin test (TB) - should be given same day, or delay TB test 4-6 weeks

25
Q

What are contraindications to inactivated vaccines?

A

Anaphylaxis/hypersensitivity to previous dose or any component
Guillain-Barre syndrome within 6 weeks of receiving vaccine
Immunosuppressive therapy - may need to delay 1-3 months after finishing therapy

26
Q

What are contraindications to live vaccines?

A 
Anaphylaxis
LAIV - severe asthma or severe wheezing in 7 days prior to vaccine
Rotavirus - malformmations of GI tract
Guillain barre
Immunosuppressive therapy
Pregnancy
Active TB
27
Q

What are the (3) systems for surveillance of vaccine-associated adverse effects?

A

Pre marketing: phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical studies.
Passive reporting to provincial health authority (PHAC)
Active reporting through Immunization Monitoring Program ACTive (IMPACT)

28
Q

What are the limitations of population-based epidemiologic studies (ad hoc) linking vaccines to conditions like autism and MS?

A

Exposure is not random
Biased, confounded results
Temporal associations
Attributable risk

29
Q

What are cohort studies?

A

Compare adverse event rate in immunized vs. non-immunized

30
Q

What are case-control studies?

A

Compare population of cases with adverse event and controls without adverse event who were exposed to vaccine

31
Q

What are the common local adverse effects of vaccines?

A

Soreness
Swelling
Redness

32
Q

What are the common systemic adverse effects of vaccines?

A 
Tiredness
Irritability
GI
Fever
Seizures
33
Q

What are the common allergic adverse effects of vaccines?

A 
Urticaria
Angioedema
Rhinitis
Bronchospasm
Anaphylaxis (hypotension)
34
Q

What are the principles of effectively communicating about immunization?

A

Communicate current knowledge
Respect difference of opinion about immunization
Represent the risks and benefits of vaccines fairly and openly
Adopt a patient-centered approach
Make the most of each opportunity to present clear, evidence-based messages regarding vaccinations

Clinical Final Exam (5 decks)

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