Immunization Flashcards
What was the first disease to be eradicated through vaccination?
smallpox (variola)
(T/F) Vaccines are only used for therapeutic purposes.
F - Vaccines can also be used for prophylaxis.
What is the difference between vaccination and immunization?
Vaccination - administration of vaccine
Immunization - borader term referring to induction or provision of immunity by any means (active or passive)
What is the difference between active and passive immunization?
Active - stimulation of immune system with an antigen (whole cell, protein), which confers long term/lifelong protection
Passive - administration of preformed antibodies, confers immediate but temporary protection
What are the 4 types of immunization?
Natural Active - occurs during infection
Artificial Active - administration of antigen either orally or via injection
Natural Passive - antibodies acquired through breastfeeding
Artificial Passive - administration of antibodies
(T/F) Memory cells are only produced in active immunity.
T
What are the 4 phases of the primary immune response?
- rapid appearance of IgG antibody titers
- IgG antibody titers increase up to a peak (usually reached by 4 weeks)
- rapid decline of antbody titers due to short lifespan of plasma cells
- baseline level
What are the mechanisms by which CD8+ T cells reduce, control, and clear intracellular infections?
- directly killing infected cells (release of enzymes such as perforins)
- release of antimicrobial cytokine release
What are the three forms of antigens in vaccines?
weakened (attenuated) pathogens, killed pathogens, protein parts of pathogens
What are the three ways of administering vaccines?
oral, intramuscular, nasal (inhalational)
What are the three types of immunity profiles? (herd immunity)
- community where no one is immunized - disease spreads through the population
- community where =80% of the population is vaccinated - disease is contained
Which of the following statements is an example of natural passive immunization?
a. 5/F with measles infection
b. pregnant individual receiving TT1
c. newborn being breastfed by mother
d. 7/M receiving BCG
C.
All but one are live attenuated vaccines. A. BCG B. Measles C. IPV D. Rotavirus
C.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Inactivated whole cell vaccines contain killed pathogens.
B. Inactivated whole cell vaccines are considered safer than attenuated vaccines
C. Inactivated whole cell vaccines are considered more effective than attenuated vaccines.
C.
Hep B vaccine is an example of which type of vaccine? A. LAV B. Subunit C. Toxoid D. Killed vaccine
B.
