Immunization

Question 1

Active vaccine

Answer 1

Through injection to make immune system react defensively: PROTECTION PRODUCED BY THE PERSON’S OWN IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 2

Passive vaccine

Answer 2

Injecting blood from an actively immunized person or animal

-can be given after an individual has been exposed to a disease to prevent the disease from developing

Question 3

Vaccine Types (4 types)

Answer 3

1. ) attenuated (live)
2. ) inactivated (killed)
3. ) conjugate
4. ) toxoid

Question 4

Attenuated Vaccines - traits, examples, limitations

Answer 4

• weakened form of the whole germ that causes disease
• strong, long lasting immunity response
• examples: MMR, Flu mist, Rotavirus, Varicella (chickenpox)
• limitations: do not give immunocompromised, storage (refrigeration), do not give pregnant, can cause mild infections, symptoms, but no disease.

Question 5

Inactivated vaccines - traits, examples, limitations

Answer 5

killed version of the germ that causes a disease
-examples: hep A, Flu, Polio, rabies
Limitations: immunity not as strong as live vaccines, may need several doses, booster

Question 6

subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, conjugate vaccine - traits, example, limitations

Answer 6

specific pieces of the germ inserted into the patient (injection or oral)

• protein, sugars, capsid of the causative bug
• very strong immune response
• can give to immunocompromised
• limitations: may need booster
• example: Hib, hep B, HPV, Pertussis, Pneumococcal, Meningococcal

Question 7

toxoid vaccine- traits, limitations, examples

Answer 7

use a targeted toxin

examples: Diptheria, Tetanus
limitations: may need booster, (tetanus booster every ten years or with dirty wound infection)

Question 8

Passive Immunity- traits, example, limitations

Answer 8

person is given antibodies to a disease

• example: natural: mom to baby in breastfeeding or utero via the placenta
  artificial: antibodies themselves are injected into the patient
• limitations: last only for a few weeks or months, antibodies difficult and costly to produce

Question 9

adults over 50 recommended vaccines

Answer 9

• flu shot annually
• tetanus every ten years
• herpes zoster or varicella vaccine age 65
• Pneumococcal age 65
  - pneumococcal polysaccharide (ppsv23)

Question 10

vaccine safety (tracking)

Answer 10

• safe and effective
• years of safety testing
• monitored after recommendation
  tracking: VAERS, VSD, PRISM, CISA

Question 11

safety- do vaccines cause or trigger autism, diabetes and asthma?

Answer 11

no- research has not substantiated these allegations

Question 12

immunization: adverse reactions

Answer 12

local: redness, swelling
systemic: fever, syncope (loss of consciousness or fainting)
allergic: anaphylaxis

Question 13

management of adverse reactions

Answer 13

local: cold compress
systemic: acetaminophen
serious: manage anaphylaxis- epi, O2, antihistamines, steroids
REPORT!

Question 14

contraindications to vaccines

Answer 14

• prior anaphylactic reaction
• serious reaction (encephalopathy) after DTap
• Hypersensitivity to yeast (hep B)
• history of intussusception (obstruction of the intestine) Rotavirus
• NO LIVE VACCINES IF IMMUNOCOMPROMISED OR PREGNANT
• moderate or sever illness
• egg allergy- if only developed a mild reaction (rash) to the vaccine last time the vaccine is still encouraged.