Immunity to Intestinal Nematodes

Question 1

Type 2 Mediated Response

Answer 1

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

Question 2

Immunoregulatory Response

Answer 2

IL-10

T regulatory cells

Question 3

Result of immune response to schisto

Answer 3

Wound healing
Restrict the level of reinfection/establishment of new worms
Isolate tissue-damaging life cycle stages
Restrict level of Th1-mediated inflammation

Question 4

Th2 responses and Trichuris trichiura

Answer 4

Prevalence of infection rises and remains high, but intensity decreases with age
Higher Th2 cytokines correlate with lower susceptibility (egg output)

Question 5

Na-ASP-2

Answer 5

Larval hookworm protein used as a candidate for a vaccine antigen
Most abundant excretory product released by N. americanus L3
Allergic reaction from those with high IgE levels

Question 6

Hookworm vaccine 2.0

Answer 6

Na-GST-1
Na-APR-1
Both Phase 1 completed

Question 7

APR1

Answer 7

Protein used by worm to degrade haemoglobin - blocking it results in worm starvation

Question 8

GST

Answer 8

Used by worm to degrade haem, blocking causes accumulation of toxic haem

Question 9

Hygeine Hypothesis

Answer 9

Reduced exposure to infections = increase in allergies or immune diseases?

Question 10

Human helminth therapy

Answer 10

Trials use Trichuris suis or Necator americanus

Trials that reported successful treatment often lacked proper controls