Immunity, Nervous System, Thermoregulation and Hormones

Question 1

What are the two functions of the blood clotting?

Answer 1

• prevent entry of pathogens
• prevent blood loss

Question 2

What is the difference between lymphocytes and phagocytes?

Answer 2

• Lymphocyte = specific
  = normal nucleus
• Phagocyte = non-specific
  =lobed nucleus

Question 3

What is produced by the pancreas and what is its function?

Answer 3

releases insulin and glucagon
glucagon = ups blood sugar levels+converts glucose to glycogen
insulin = lowers blood sugar +converts glycogen to glucose

Question 4

what is a pathogen

Answer 4

Organisms that cause disease. Pathogens include fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses.

Question 5

What immune cell engulfs pathogens?

Answer 5

Phagocytes

Question 6

what do vaccines contain?

Answer 6

• the damaged/weakened form of the pathogen
• the antigens

Question 7

what does the vaccines do?

Answer 7

• stimulates the specific lymphocytes which produce the complementary antibodiesand memory lymphocytes

Question 8

how does the eye focus on distant objects?

NOT RELAVANT

Answer 8

• ciliary muscles contract suspensory ligaments slacken, the lens becomes fatter, increasing the amount of light refracted.

Question 9

how does the eye focus on near objects

Answer 9

Ciliary muscles relax, suspensory ligament tighten, the lens becomes thinner, decreasing the refraction of light.

Question 10

What do lymphocytes produce?

Answer 10

• antibodies
• memory cells

Question 11

Three types of these - red, green, and blue

Answer 11

Cones

Question 12

How do hairs help warm the body?

Answer 12

Standing on end to trap air / insulation

Question 13

definition of coagulation

Answer 13

proteins clump together and form a blood clot

Question 14

Where most cone cells are found on the retina?

Answer 14

Fovea

Question 15

how do lymphocytes produce further immunity?

Answer 15

• they have immunological memory

Question 17

how can pathogens cause disease?

Answer 17

• physically damaging cells
• producing toxins which damage cells

Question 18

what is released by phagocytes to digest antigens

Answer 18

digestive enzymes

Question 20

How do pathogens cause disease

Answer 20

Physically damaging cells
Producing toxins which damage cells

Question 21

what is memory cells?

Answer 21

cells that remain in the body after an infection to make sure the body won’t be affected by the same type of pathogen twice.