Immunity, Nervous System, Thermoregulation and Hormones Flashcards
What are the two functions of the blood clotting?
- prevent entry of pathogens
- prevent blood loss
What is the difference between lymphocytes and phagocytes?
- Lymphocyte = specific
= normal nucleus - Phagocyte = non-specific
=lobed nucleus
What is produced by the pancreas and what is its function?
releases insulin and glucagon
glucagon = ups blood sugar levels+converts glucose to glycogen
insulin = lowers blood sugar +converts glycogen to glucose
what is a pathogen
Organisms that cause disease. Pathogens include fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses.
What immune cell engulfs pathogens?
Phagocytes
what do vaccines contain?
- the damaged/weakened form of the pathogen
- the antigens
what does the vaccines do?
- stimulates the specific lymphocytes which produce the complementary antibodiesand memory lymphocytes
how does the eye focus on distant objects?
NOT RELAVANT
- ciliary muscles contract suspensory ligaments slacken, the lens becomes fatter, increasing the amount of light refracted.
how does the eye focus on near objects
Ciliary muscles relax, suspensory ligament tighten, the lens becomes thinner, decreasing the refraction of light.
What do lymphocytes produce?
- antibodies
- memory cells
Three types of these - red, green, and blue
Cones
How do hairs help warm the body?
Standing on end to trap air / insulation
definition of coagulation
proteins clump together and form a blood clot
Where most cone cells are found on the retina?
Fovea
how do lymphocytes produce further immunity?
- they have immunological memory
how can pathogens cause disease?
- physically damaging cells
- producing toxins which damage cells
what is released by phagocytes to digest antigens
digestive enzymes
How do pathogens cause disease
Physically damaging cells
Producing toxins which damage cells
what is memory cells?
cells that remain in the body after an infection to make sure the body won’t be affected by the same type of pathogen twice.
