Immunity and Host Defense pt.2

Question 1

Immunity

Answer 1

The ability of the body to counteract foreign organisms

Question 2

Innate immunity

Answer 2

• In place at birth
• “Nonspecific immunity”
• Lacks memory

Question 3

Adaptive immunity

Answer 3

• Acquired immunity (antibody-mediated, B cells and cell-mediated, T cells)
• Specific immunity

Question 4

Lysozyme

Answer 4

• Ex: chemical defense
• Present in saliva and tears
• Hydrolyzing peptidoglycan destroy cell wall

Question 5

Hydrolyzing peptidoglycan

Answer 5

Destroys lysozyme cell wall

Question 6

Lactoferrin

Answer 6

• Present in saliva, tears, colostrum, and breast milk
• Released by macrophages and PMN
• Inhibit growth of bacteria/viruses

Question 7

Lactoperoxidase

Answer 7

• Enzyme that produces superoxides

- Superoxides toxic to microbes

Question 8

Osmotic Effect

Answer 8

Sweat (high salt)

Question 9

Cationic proteins

Answer 9

• Positively charged molecules
• Collectively called defensins
• Attach plasma membrane

Question 10

Two types of cationic peptides

Answer 10

1. alpha defensins

2. beta defensins

Question 11

Beta-lysin

Answer 11

• Released by blood platelets
• Kills gram positive bacteria
• Cationic peptide

Question 12

Prostatic antibacterial factor

Answer 12

• Secreted by the male prostate gland

- Cationic peptide

Question 13

Bacteriocins

Answer 13

Toxic proteins that kill bacteria, which is made and secreted by bacteria

Question 14

Characteristics of inflammation

Answer 14

1. redness (rubor)
2. warmth (calor)
3. swelling (tumor)
4. pain (dolor)

Question 15

Extravasation

Answer 15

Movement of cells out of blood vessels

Question 16

B cells

Answer 16

• B lymphocytes

- Make antibodies

Question 17

T cells

Answer 17

-Kill tumor cells and virally infected host cells

Question 18

NK cells

Answer 18

Kill tumor cells and virally infected host cells

Question 19

B cells characteristic

Answer 19

• Reach maturity in the bone marrow

- Important in adaptive immunity

Question 20

T cells characteristic

Answer 20

• Develop in the thymus

- Important in adaptive immunity

Question 21

T cell types (3)

Answer 21

1. Helper T cells (also called CD4+ cells)
2. Cytotoxic T cells (also called CD8+ cells)
3. Regulatory T cells
   (CD=cluster of differentiation)

Question 22

CD4

Answer 22

• Regulate immune response

Question 23

TH1

Answer 23

• Stimulate inflammatory response

- phagocytosable intracellular pathogens

Question 24

TH2

Answer 24

• Shifts immune response from cell mediated to humoral immunity
• Non-phagocytosable extracellular helminths

Question 25

TH3

Answer 25

- Inhibits the action of TH1 and TH2 - Anti-inflammatory - Important in mucosal immunity

Question 26

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 26

- Contain receptor CD* - Destroy host cells infected with viruses and cancer cells - Requires direct contact

Question 27

Regulatory T cells

Answer 27

- Suppressor T cells | - Regulate immune response and autoimmune diseases

Question 28

Mononuclear Cells

Answer 28

- Monocytes (precursors to macrophages and dendritic cells) | - Contain single large nucleus

Question 29

Macrophages

Answer 29

- Large phagocytic leukocytes - Migratory cells - Derived from monocytes

Question 30

Dendritic Cells

Answer 30

- Role in specific immunity (antigens to T cells) - phagocytic cells - Derived from monocytes

Question 31

Granulocytes

Answer 31

- Contain antimicrobial substances that kill microbes | - aka "polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)

Question 32

PMNs (3)

Answer 32

1. Basophils (produce histamine) 2. Eosinophils (release cationic proteins) 3. Neutrophils (phagocytes)

Question 33

Mast cells

Answer 33

- Found in connective tissue - Derived in bone marrow - Role in allergic reactions