immunity and Host Defense Against Oral Infections: Innate & Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
1
Q
Host Defenses in Mouth
A
- depends on integrity of oral mucosa
- innate immunity
- adaptive immuntty
- antigen specific antibody
- T cell response
2
Q
non-specific denense
saliva
A
- saliva flow
- Mucin/agglutinins
- lysozyme-protease-anion system
- Lactoferrin
- Salivary lactoperoxidase
- histidine-rich polypeptides
3
Q
physico-chemical barriers for saliva
A
- intraepithelial barrier
- basement membrane barrier
4
Q
immunological barrier of salivia
A
- langerhans cells
- IEL
- Serum IgG
5
Q
Host defenses with tooth surfaces
A
- Salivia
- IgG
- IgA
- Gingival crevicular fluid
6
Q
neutrophil
A
- granulocyte
- phagocyte, innate immunity
7
Q
lymphocyte
A
- agranulocyte
- adaptive immunity
8
Q
monocyte
A
- agranulocyte
- phagocyte
9
Q
eosinophil
A
- granulocyte
- removal of helminths and Ab-Ag complexes
10
Q
Basophil
A
- granulocyte
- allergy inflammation
11
Q
anatomic barriers in oral cells
A
- innate immunity
- TLRs
- recognize PAMPS
- produce peptide antibodies
- cytokines
- NO
- sIGA
12
Q
TLRs
A
- TLR2
- binds lipoteichoic acid of gram+ bacteria
- TLR4
- binds lipopolysacchrides of gram-bacteria
13
Q
Physiologic Barrier
antimicrobial properties of saliva
A
- swallowing
- pH
- Temperature
- lactoferrin
- lysozyme
- myeloperpxidase
- Salivary peroxidase
- leukocytes
- secretory Iga
- complement
- Histatins
14
Q
ph is salivia
A
- rise in periodontal pocket pH in gingivitis and periodontal disease
15
Q
temp in salivia
A
makes SOD work better
neutralization of super oxide anions
16
Q
lactoferrin in saliva
A
iron-binding
bacteriostatic
17
Q
lysozyme in salivia
A
breaks down bacterial structure
18
Q
myeloperoxidase system in saliva
A
- bactericidal
- H2O2 in PMN
- migrates to gingival crevice (inflammation)
19
Q
salivary peroxidase system
A
- bactericidal
- generates thiocyanate
- H2O2
20
Q
Histatins in salivia`
A
- histidine rich broad spectrum
- antifungal
- antiviral activity
21
Q
Defensins in salivia
A
- broad spectrum antibacterial
- antifungal
- antiviral
- protect mucosal surfaces
22
Q
complement in salivia
A
breaks down C3 derived from GCF
23
Q
Leukocyted in salivia
A
- secrete alpha defensin
- phagocytosis
- increases in inflammation
24
Q
secretory IgA
(sIGA)
A
major Ab in salivia
inhibits agglutinates
25
phagocytic barrier
Destruction of Pathogens
* phagocytes bind to microbes using cell-surface receptors via
* reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates
* Lysosomes
* proteolytic enzymes
26
Oxygen-independent methods
* Lysozyme
* Defensins
* Lactoferrin
* Proteolytic and hydrolytic enzymes
27
oxygen-dependent methods
* hydrogen peroxidde
* superoxide anion
* hydroxyl radical
* Myeloperoxidase
* Hypochlorite
* Hypohalite
* Nitric Oxide
28
inflammatory barreriers
inflammation is body's physiological response to infection or tissue damage
29
inflammatory main events
6
1. release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-1)
2. Cytokines recruit and activate phagocytes
3. Vasodilation increases blood flow
4. increased cappilary permeability
5. leukocytes migrate to reach site of infection( PMNs first then monocytes and lymphocytes)
6. periodonitis (inflammaiton)
30
anatomy of inflammation
pavementing
diapedesis
chemotaxis
31
B- Lymphocytes
* recognize intact protein antigens
* produce antibody (Ab) via plasma cells
32
T-lymphocytes
general
* recognize peptide Ag via TCR
* presented by anitgen presenting cells (APC)
33
APCs present Ag to
T cells using major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
34
T-lymphocytes
two subtypes
* T-helper
* Lymphocytes, CD4+
* recognize extracellular Ag
* via MHC II
* Cytotoxic T lymphoctes
* CTL CD8+
* recognize intracellular Ag
* via MHC I
* kills virus infected cells
35
In HIV infections CD4+ T cells are killed by
CD8+ T cells
36
Gingival crevice and 1/3 of tooth crown are protected by GCF that contain which immunoglobulins/Antibody
* IgG
* IgA
* IgM
37
Salivary Ab in healthy human mouth is mainly
sIgA
38
Abs are usually derived from
plasma
39
Ab can be locally synthesized mainly in
inflammed gingivae
40
IgG
* monomer
* crosses the placenta/protects fetus
* activate complemetn
* opsonizing
In GCF protects gingival & gingival crown of teeth
41
IgM
* Pentamer
* First Ab generated against any Ag
* Main Ab made by fetus
* ABO blood group Ag
GCF contains IgM, protects gingiva and gingival crowns of the teeth
42
IgA
* dimer secertions ( tears, salivia...)
* lines oral mucosal surface
* protect from infection (ruins adhesion molecules on pathogens)
* uses microogranisms to stop colonization
43
MALT is located in
gut
44
where are lyphocyted found in the GI tracat?
epithelial layer
lamina propria
Peyer's patch
45
alteration in normal microflora in oral mucosa leads to
inappropriate immune responses
46
GCF
Gingival Crevicular Fluid
flushes gingival margin-oral cavity
47
dental plaque at the gingival margain results in
acute inflammation by increasing the flow of GCF
48
Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the results of
ecological imbalance btwn resident microbes and the host immune response
49
frequent consumption of carbs leads to
* promotes bacteria lactobacilli S.mutans
* colonize on carb
* leading to biofilm/dental plaque
50
most inhaled or ingested antigens are taken up by the specialized
microfold or M cells
51
oral immunization with protein Ags induce
tolerance
52
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is important for generation of oral mucosal tolerance
CD4+
53
chitinase
antifungal in mouth
54
cathelicidin
antimicrobial in the mouth
55
complement factors C3a C5a in mouth
chemotazis and attraction of phagocytes to the site
56
intra-epithelial lymohocytes and langerhans cells
cellular barrier to penetrating bacteria and/ or antigens
57
CD4 t cells
secretion of cytokinens
58
sIgA
prevents microbial adhesion and metabolism
59
IgG, IgA, IgM
prevent microbial adhesion, opsonization and complement activatoin
60
Mucosal immune System
* Microflod (M) cells capture Antigen
* Dome Area is rich in DCs and contains B cells
* sIgA provides major defense at mucosal surfaces
