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Immunity and Antiinfective Drugs > Immunity and Antiinfective Drugs > Flashcards

Immunity and Antiinfective Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three substances that the immune system protects the body from

A

1) Pathogens
2) Foreign Antigens
3) Cancer Cells

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2
Q

What is Immunity

A

the ability to protect the host against specific infection

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3
Q

Active Immunity

A

develops in response to the exposure to antigens, develops slowly and last long time

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4
Q

Passive Immunity

A

antibodies are transferred from one host to another, offers temporary immediate protection

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5
Q

Natural Immunity

A

obtained by everyday living

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6
Q

Artifical Immunity

A

deliberate exposure by a medical professional

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7
Q

Biological Antimicrobial Drugs

A

biological substances used to prevent, treat, or cure infectious diseases

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8
Q

Immunizing Biologicals

A

toxiods or vaccines used to create active immunity

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9
Q

Antitoxins

A

purified serum obtained from horses inoculated with the toxin, isolating specific antibodies to help fight off an infection

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10
Q

Antivenins

A

purified serum obtained from animals that have been injected with a particluar venom to fight off the effects of the venom

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11
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

substances produced by the immune system to fight infections and harvested from a large pool of blood donors

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12
Q

What are the four acquired immunities

A

1) Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
2) Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
3) Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
4) Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

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13
Q

Toxiod

A

altered exotoxins that normally are secreted by bacteria that produce artificial immunity to the toxin
ex: tetanus

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14
Q

Vaccine

A

forms of organisms that produce artificial immunity

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15
Q

Live Attenuated Vaccine

A

weakened live antigens are injected, boosters are required less often

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16
Q

Antibody Titer

A

a test to determine the amount of antibody in the body

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17
Q

Febrile Illness

A

a fever

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18
Q

Thimersosal

A

a preservative containing mercury for multidose vials

Ex: DPT, childhood influenza

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19
Q

Herd Immunity

A

the entire population is protected if 95% of the population is vaccinated

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20
Q

What are the two types of Vaccines

A

1) Attenuated Live Vaccine

2) Killed Vaccine

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21
Q

What are three contraindications to immunization

A

1) Allergic Reactions
2) Fever (Febrile Illness)
3) Compromised Immune System

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22
Q

What are four compromised Immune System

A

1) Cancer Chemotherapy
2) Immunosuppressive Therapy
3) Immunosuppressive Disease
4) High-Dose Systemic Steroid Use

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23
Q

The reasoning behing the National Vaccine Injury Compenation Program

A

No fault alternative to law suits against vaccine manufactures. Lawsuits might put them out of business or they might avoid products vaccines

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24
Q

Four reasons for noncompliance to the childhood immunization schedule

A

1) complicated schedule
2) no transportation
3) lack of knowledge
4) child is ill
5) lack of finances
6) religious beliefs

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25
Q

Immunosuppressives

A

drugs that will prevent, slow down, or inactivate the immune response to avoid detrimental effects

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26
Q

Autoimmune Disease

A

an inappropriate immune function where the system attacks the body
Ex; RHEUMATOID Arthritis

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27
Q

Hypersensity Reaction

A

An inappropriate immunce function where the system over reacts to allergens

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28
Q

Monoclonal Antibodies

A

specific antibodies produced from a culture of identical cells

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29
Q

Three indications of Immunosuppressives

A

1) Transplant Rejection
2) Autoimmune Disease
3) Hypersensitivity Reaction

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30
Q

Specific type of cell is affected by Immunosuppressives

A

T-cells: suppress certain T-lyphocyte cells

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31
Q

Four types of Immunosuppressives Drugs

A

1) Fungal Derivatives
2) Monoclonal Antibodies
3) TNF Antagonist
4) Corticosteroids

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32
Q

What is the three ending or the five letter ending for Monoclonal Antibodies medication

A

MAB or MONAB

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33
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

Also known as Gamma Globulin or IgG

Concentrated antiboies given to patients to help fight an infection. Prevents the virus from penetrating the host cell.

34
Q

Antiretroviral Drug

A

Treats HIV

35
Q

Reverse Transcription Inhibitor

A

Blocks the virus from making DNA from RNA

36
Q

Protease Inhibitor

A

prevents breakup of the long chain of viral proteins into individual pieces

37
Q

Fusion

A

the process of a virus attacking the host cell

38
Q

Two reasons why viruses are hard to treat

A

1) viruses are found in living cells

2) time delay between infection and symptioms allows the virus to replicate millions of times

39
Q

Infection

A

Invasion and mutiplacation of microorgaism in the body tissue

40
Q

Empiric Therapy

A

types of therapy where the antibiotic that is selected is based on which microorganism is likely to be causative agent

41
Q

Prophylactic Therapy

A

Preventing an infection by giving an antibiotic prior to a procedure

42
Q

Therapeutic Response

A

A decrease in specific signs and symptoms. Antibiotics still have to be taken after signs and symptoms dissappear

43
Q

Subtherapeutic Response

A

signs and symptoms do NOT dissappear with antibiotics

44
Q

SuperInfection

A

an infectionthat occurs during antimicrobial treatment for another infection, resulting in an overgrowth of a non-susceptible organism

45
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

“STAYS AS IS” : Inhibits growth of bacteria

46
Q

Bactericidal

A

Kills the bacteria “Killing of Humans”

47
Q

Risk factors for infection

A

Advanced Age
Diseases that suppress the immune system Ex: AIDS, Lupus
Impaired blood supply Ex: Diabetes

48
Q

List five signs and symptoms of a bacterial infection

A

1) Fever
2) Chills
3) Sweats
4) Redness
5) Pain
6) Swelling
7) Puss formation
8) Swollen lymph nodes

49
Q

Reasons for a sub-therapeutic Response

A

1) Wrong Antibiotic
2) Not a high enough dose
3) Not a long enough course of the antibiotic
4) Bacterial Resistance

50
Q

The symptoms of Anaphylaxis

A

Usually sudden
Difficulty breathing
Hypotension
Laryigeal Edma

51
Q

Two Factors that causes Antibiotic Resistance

A

1) The development of a strain of bacteria that adapts to the antibiotic
2) Is No longer affected by the antibiotics

52
Q

The seven major Antibiotics

A

1) Beta-Lactam Antibiotics-Pencillians, Cephalosporns, Carbapeness, Monobatams
2) Macrolids
3) Tetracyclines
4) Aminoglyocsides
5) Fluoroquinolones
6) Vancomycin
7) Sulfonamides

53
Q

The synonym for sulfonamides and Fluoroquinolones

A 
Fluoroquinolones = Quinolones
Sulfonamides  =  Sulfa Drugs
54
Q

The ending of the names for penicillian, tetracyclines, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones

A 
Pencillians= "cillians"
Tetracyclines = " cycline"
Macrolides  = "romycin"
Fluoroquinolones = "floxacin"
55
Q

Antibiotics

A

Drugs used to control bacterial infections
Group into two
1) Narrow Spectrum = Gram positive bacteria
2) Broad Spectrum = Both gram positive and negative bacteria

56
Q

Redman’s Syndrome

A

An adverse reaction to vancomycin especially if it is infused quickly

57
Q

Is tuberculosis is an aerobic or anaerobic bacteria

A

TB is primary Aerobic Bacteria

Primary infects the lungs

58
Q

List of tuberculosis susceptible people

A

Homeless people, malnourished, drug abusers, jail inmates, Unsanitary facilities
HIV and AIDS infected and cancer patients

59
Q

Why alcohol is NOT allowed during treatment of TB

A

Both the alcohol and the TB medication would metabolized together and would be hard on the liver

60
Q

The synonym of fungal infections, yeast infections, and oral candidiasis

A 
Fungal= Mycosis
Yeast = Candidiasis
Oral = Thrush
61
Q

The Ending of the names for AZOLE antifungal Drugs

A

ALL End in AZOLE

62
Q

The administration directions for Nystatin (Mycostatin) as it treats oral candidiasis (Thrush)

A

Swish the medication in the mouth an then swallow

Gargle the throat if possible for the infection

63
Q

The advantages and disadvantages of using a lipid preparation of amphotericin rather than ordinary amphotericin.

A

Less toxicity
IV (Parental form only)
Much higher cost
Much higher dosage Compared to Amphotericin B

64
Q

A list of protozoal infections

A

1) Amoebiasis
2) Giardia
3) Toxoplasmosis
4) Trichomoniasis
5) Malaria

65
Q

The ending of the names for the antimalarial drugs

A

usually end in “QUINE”

66
Q

The synonym of helminthic infections

A

HELMINTHIASIS

67
Q

Immunity developed in response to immunization best describes this type of immunity:

A

Active Acquired

68
Q

Attenuated virus vaccines contain:

A

Live, weakened microorganisms

69
Q

A 5 yr old child is receiving chemotherapy. The mother is concerned that the child has not completed the required immunizations for school. The nurse’s vest response would be:

A

“This is not the best time to finish the immunizations because your child’s immune system is suppressed.”

70
Q

When discussing immunity with a client who has returned from living in a foreign country for 10 year, the nurse recalls that active immunity occurs when:

A

Protein substances are formed by the body to destroy or neutralize antigens

71
Q

A patient is in the urgent care center after stepping on a rusty nail. The nurse evaluates the patient’s immunity status and knows that a tetanus booster is necessary if which of the following is true?

A

It has been 10 years since his last booster shot.

72
Q

The nurse would expect to find an improement in which of the blood values as a result of antiretroviral treatment

A

CD4 + T cell levels

73
Q

Which intervention is important of the nurse to perform before beginning antibiotic therapy?

A

Obtain a specimen for culture and sensititvity

74
Q

A patient is scheduled for colorectal surgery tomorrow. He does not have sepsis, his WBC count is normal, he has no fever, and he is otherwise in good health. However, the nurse notes that there are orders to administer an antibiotic on call before he goes to surgery. What is the rationale for this antibiotic order?

A

To provide prophylactic therapy

75
Q

A drug interaction occurs between penicillins and which of the following?

A

Oral contraceptives and Warfarin

76
Q

The nurse would determine that the teaching about the side effects of tetracycline understood when the client says that the medication could cause:

A

Photosensitivity

77
Q

The nurse will instruct a patient who is taking a tetracycline antibiotic to….

A

Take it with 8 oz. of water

78
Q

When patients are receiving aminoglycosides, the nurse monitor for tinnitus, which may indicate which of the following:

A

Ototoxicity

79
Q

Screening for hearing loss should be plan for the child who is recieving:

A

Gentamicin

80
Q

When asked about drug allergies, a patient says, “I can’t take sulfa drugs because I’m allergic to them. Which question should the nurse ask next?”

A

What happened when you took the sulfa drug

81
Q

Why are multiple medications used in drug regimen for tuberculosis?

A

It reduces the possibility of the organism’s becoming drug-resistant

82
Q

Antimalarial drugs are used to treat patients with infections caused by which genus and species of protozoa?

A

Plasmodium spp.

Immunity and Antiinfective Drugs (1 decks)

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