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CV Test 2 > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of blood?

A 
Plasma
-water
-solutes
-proteins
Formed elements
-erythrocytes
-leukocytes
-thrombocytes
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2
Q

What is the primary plasma protein?

A

Albumin

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3
Q

How do plasma proteins influence fluid volume?

A 
Oncotic pressure (osmotic, colloid)
-keeps fluid intravascular
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4
Q

What is the expected Albumin value?

A

> 2.5g/dL

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5
Q

Where is Albumin made?

A

Liver

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6
Q

What causes low Albumin?

A

Liver disease

malnutrition

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7
Q

Name 2 other plasma proteins besides Albumin

A

Globulins

Fibrinogen

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8
Q

What is the function of alpha and beta globulins?

A

Transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins

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9
Q

What is the function of gamma globulins?

A

Function as antibodies in the immune response

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10
Q

What is the role of fibrinogen?

A

Plays a role in clotting

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11
Q

Why are erythrocytes red?

A

Iron content

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12
Q

What is the function of the iron content on RBC?

A

Binds oxygen

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13
Q

What is the function of the globin protein on the RBC?

A

Carries the iron

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14
Q

RBC development (generally)

A

Stem cell
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte

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15
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

An immature RBC that still has an endoplasmic reticulum and a nucleus

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16
Q

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

A

120 days

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17
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Increased RBC count

She said Hgb

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18
Q

Why does chronic lung disease result in polycythemia?

A

Chronic hypoxia stimulates the release of erythropoietin from the kidneys which stimulates RBC production

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19
Q

Why does renal dysfunction cause anemia?

A

Inadequate erythropoietin release from the kidneys

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20
Q

Where are RBCs destroyed?

A

Spleen
Liver
She says bone marrow

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21
Q

What type of Hgb is normal in adults?

A

Type A

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22
Q

What type of Hgb is normal in the fetus?

A

Type F

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23
Q

What way is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifted with Hgb F?

A

Left

-higher affinity for oxygen

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24
Q

What type of Hgb is present in sickle cell disease?

A

Type S

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25
Which way is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifted with Hgb type S?
Right | -decreased affinity for oxygen
26
Which way do most hemoglobin abnormalities shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?
Right
27
What happens to sickle cell patients when exposed to low oxygen concentration?
This triggers sickeling of the RBC (elongation)
28
How can leukocytes move?
Ameboid movements from the intravascular space into tissues
29
What about leukocytes can cause cancellation of a case?
Leukocytosis -elevated WBC, can signify infection Leukemia -large number of immature leukocytes
30
Name the 3 granular leukocytes
Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophils
31
Name the 2 agranular leukocytes
Monocytes | Lymphocytes
32
What is the main function of neutrophils?
First to respond to infection | Phagocytosis
33
What is the main function of eosinophils?
Allergy | Asthma
34
What is the main function of basophils?
Histamine and Heparin
35
What other cells besides Basophils contain histamine and heparin?
Mast cells | -in the tissues
36
What is the main function of monocytes?
Follow Neutrophils | Phagocytosis
37
What is the main function of lymphocytes?
Immunity
38
Name 3 substances lymphocytes interact with?
Cytokines Chemkines Complement
39
Name 3 types of lymphocytes
Natural Killer CellS B cells T cells
40
What are Natural Killer Cells?
Nonspecific cytotoxic lymphocytes
41
What lymphocytes are specific?
T cells and B cells
42
What type of protection do T lymphocytes carry?
Long term protection against viruses, bacteria and cancer
43
What type of immunity are B lymphocytes associated with?
Humoral Immunity | - interglobulins produce antibodies in response to antigens
44
What type of B lymphocytes provide long term response?
Memory B cells
45
What is innate immunity?
Natural and nonspecific -skin oils -
46
What is acquired immunity?
Protein Specific | -acquired by infection or immunization
47
What cells are associated with innate immunity?
``` Granulocytes Monocytes Macrophages Dendric cells Cytokines Complement system ```
48
What cells are associated with acquired immunity?
``` Cellular -T lymphocytes -Natural Killer cells Humoral -gamma globulins -B lymphocytes ```
49
What are macrophages?
Monocytes that have moved into the tissue and get bigger in size Phagocytes
50
Hypersensitivity is when an antigen....
Become an allergen
51
Hypersensitivity following initial exposure causes what cellular response?
T cells trigger B cells to produce antigen specific IgE antibodies that bind to IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils
52
What is the most profound hypersensitivity (globulin)?
IgE
53
What WBCs are involved in autoimmunity?
Some B and T cells
54
What happens when the body creates B and T cells that are active against the body’s own proteins and tissues?
Normally, nothing. | When recognition fails, this is when autoimmune disease develops
55
What is the first WBC to arrive? | Second?
Neutrophil | Monocyte
56
What cytotoxic lymphocytes respond to destroy cells infected with invading microorganisms?
natural killer cells
57
Neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and complement are all a part of?
Innate immunity
58
What cells are responsible for responding to repeat exposure? (Antigen specific antibodies)
B lymphocytes
59
If the invading microorganism is a virus known to be associated with the development of cancer, what cell offers protection?
T cells
60
B and T lymphocytes are part of what type of immunity?
Acquired
61
Which WBC is associated with impending asthma attack?
Eosinophil
62
What are basophils known for?
Heparin | Histamine
63
Which immunoglobulin is associated with allergy?
IgE
64
Failure to destroy self reactive lymphocytes causes?
Autoimmune disease
65
Are immune deficiencies inherited or acquired?
Both. Acquired is more common -malnutrition
66
What type of virus is HIV? What is the most common form? What is the important lab value that diagnoses AIDS?
Retrovirus HIV-1 group M T cells <200
67
The humoral immune response is mediated by?
B lymphocyte antibodies
68
The cell mediated response is produced by?
T lymphocytes Phagocytes Cytokines
69
Major cellular component of the innate system?
``` Granulocytes Monocytes Macrophages Dendric cells Cytokines Complement system ```
70
What is the main function of the complement system?
Mark pathogens for permanent destruction and recruit other immune cells to destroy pathogens
71
What is the major function of B cells?
Production of antibodies

CV Test 2 (3 decks)

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