Immunity Flashcards
Leukocytes/WBC
White Blood Cells
What do WBCs Do?
Attack/destroy anything foreign
Nurses role in Immunity
Prevent Diseases, Promote and Maintain Health Teach and Educate
Define
Immunity
Body’s Natural or induced Response to Infection
Define
Antigens
Foreign Substance that trigger the immune Response
Define
Immunocompetent
Immune Systems that identify antigens and effectively destroys/remove them
Define
Hypersensitivity
Overreaction of the immune system to an antigen
Define
Immunodeficiency
Develops when the immune system is incompetent or unable to respond effectively
Define
Autoimmune Disorders
The immune System loses the ability to recognize its own tissue and begins to attack them.
Define
Opportunistic Infections
Infections that would not normally affect people with intact immune systems.
Active Immunity
Occurs through:
-Exposure to Disease
-Vaccination
Is long lasting and takes several weeks to develop
Passive Immunity
Occurs Through receiving antibodies from another person :
-Mother to Newborn(placenta or breast milk)
-Blood Products
Is immediate protection, lasts only weeks or months
Immunity Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
-Genetics
-women > Men
-Age
Organ/Tissue Transplant
Immune Deficiencies
-Child is at greater risk of allergies if parents or older siblings have them
Immunity Modifiable Risk Factors
-Stress
-Poor Sleep
-Non-Immunized
-Nutrition
-Poor Hygiene
-Alcohol/Drugs/Cigarettes
-IV drug use/ Risky Social Behaviors
-Poor tissue Integrity
When do Immunizations start?
When trans placental immunity decreases (2-18 months depending on the vaccine )
Adult Immunization
-May need boosters of childhood vaccines
-Shingles, pneumonia
-When at high risk of infection
Parent Education on Immunization
Concerns and Beliefs
Immunization Contraindications
Acute Illness, High fever, hypersensitivity reaction, cancer treatments
Immunization Nurses Responsibility
Informed Consent Signed
How many Hyper sensitivity Reactions?
4
Type I hypersensitivity
Immediate
IgE mediated hyper sensitivity
Type I Hypersensitivity Localized Examples
Allergies, Asthma, Hay Fever
Type I Hypersensitivity Systemic Examples
Anaphylaxis, Angioedema
Type I Hypersensitivity
-Can be ingested, injected, inhaled, absorbed
-Histamine Response
-Strong Genetic Predisposition
Type I Hypersensitivity Symptoms
15-30 mins
-rapid on set sneezing, runny nose, urticaria, swelling, wheezing/strider to anaphylaxis
Type I hypersensitivity Treatment
Antihistamines, breathing treatment, corticosteroids, epi pen
Type II Hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity
-Destruction of target cell
-Stimulated by
-Exogenous antigen
-Drug Reaction
- Endogenous antigen
Type II Hypersensitivity Symptoms
-Dyspnea
-fever
Type II Hypersensitivity Treatment
-withdrawal of meds
-stop transfusion
-immunosuppressant drug
-corticosteroids
Type III Hypersensitivity
Complex mediated hypersensitivity
-Inflammation response to targeted tissue
-cause of most auto immune disorders
Type III Hypersensitivity Systemic
Immune complex deposited in small blood vessels
Kidneys
joints
Type III Hypersensitivity Localized
Immune complexes accumulate at specific site
Type III Hypersensitivity Symptoms
Urticaria, fever, joint pain
Type III Hypersensitivity Treatment
treat symptoms
corticosteroids
immunosuppressive drugs
NSIADS
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Delayed Hypersensitivity
-cell-mediated responses
-result from exaggerated interaction between antigen, normal cell-mediated mechanisms
Type IV Hypersensitivity Examples
Contact Dermatitis
Latex
Jewelry
TB Test
Poison Ivy
Type IV Hypersensitivity Symptoms
24-48 hrs
-fever
-erythema
-pruitus
-edema
Type IV Hypersensitivity Treatment
-increase fluids
-apply med to rash
-moderate pain
corticosteroids
-antipyretics
