Immunisation

Question 1

State the 2 main methods of active immunity

Answer 1

Natural infection

Artificial immunisation

Question 2

State the 2 main methods of passive immunity

Answer 2

Transplacental transfer

Artificial human antibody

Question 3

What is the purpose of a vaccine?

Answer 3

Induce cell-mediated immunity by administrating whole or part of an organism

Question 4

What is meant by herd immunity?

Answer 4

Indirect protection of a population provided by immunisation a %, causing slow/prevention of the spread of infection

Question 5

What is meant by live attenuated vaccine? Give an example

Answer 5

Weakened live form of organism is administered to produce natural response
e.g. measles, mumps, rubella, polio

Question 6

What is meant by inactivated vaccine? Give an example

Answer 6

Dead organism is administered

e.g. pertussis, typhoid

Question 7

Give an example of a vaccine containing component of organism

Answer 7

Influenza
Pneumococcal
Diphtheria
Tetanus

Question 8

List the main contraindications to vaccines

Answer 8

Acute illness
Severe/anaphylaxis to previous dose
Fever greater than 39.5 within 48hrs
Immunocompromised children

Question 9

Which vaccines contain egg components that people with egg allergy should avoid?

Answer 9

Yellow fever

Flu

Question 10

When do girls receive the HPV vaccine?

Answer 10

12-13 years of age

Question 11

Which serogroup of meningococcal disease is the most serious?

Answer 11

Serogroup B

Question 12

Which vaccine is thought to give 70% protection against tuberculosis?

Answer 12

BCG vaccine

Question 13

List travel-related vaccines

Answer 13

Cholera
Yellow fever
Rabies
Hepatitis
Typhoid

Question 14

Define “elimination of disease” and give an example

Answer 14

Reduction to zero incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts; continued intervention measures are required
e.g. neonatal tetanus

Question 15

Define “eradication” and give an example

Answer 15

Permanent reduction to zero worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts; intervention measures are no longer needed
e.g. smallpox

Question 16

Define “extinction” and give an example

Answer 16

The specific infectious agent no longer exists in nature or in the laboratory
No example to this day!