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Hannah's Locomotor > Immunisation > Flashcards

Immunisation Flashcards

1
Q

List 10 conditions for which passive immunisation is used

A 
Agammaglobulinaemia
Measles
Hepatitis B
Varicella
Rabies
Tetanus
Diphtheria
Botulism
Bites/stings
Autoimmunity
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2
Q

What are the 5 types of living immunising agents used?

A

Unattenuated (different host or route of infection)
Empirically attenuated
Rationally attenuated
Reassortants
Ag expressed on living vector (great concept but no examples yet)

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3
Q

Give 3 examples of living unattenuated vaccines. Why do these work without causing infection?

A

Respiratory adenovirus (given orally, different route to infection)
Rotavirus (bovine or monkey given, different host)
Vaccinia (?)

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4
Q

Give 5 examples of living empirically attenuated viral vaccines

A 
Polio (Sabin OPV)
MMR
VZV
Rotavirus
Yellow fever
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5
Q

Give 2 examples of living empirically attenuated bacterial vaccines

A

BCG

Typhoid

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6
Q

What is the difference between an empirically and a rationally attenuated vaccine?

A

Empirically attenuated: organism grown under conditions it doesn’t like, select for mutants which grow well in these conditions and they should not grow as well in humans
Rationally attenuated: attenuated using prior knowledge about the organism and its mechanism of growth and infection

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7
Q

Give an example of a living rationally attenuated vaccine

A

Cholera (mercury resistance used as a marker to check vaccine is not causing disease)

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of reassortant vaccines and the organisms’ type of genome

A

Rotavirus (dsRNA)

Influenza (ssRNA)

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9
Q

How do reassortant vaccines work without causing disease?

A

Organism genome has been reassorted so that it is not virulent but is still immunogenic

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10
Q

List 5 classifications of non-replicating immunising agents. Which of these are still experimental?

A 
Inactivated virion, bacterium
Purified product, component (+/- modification)
Product of cloned gene
Synthetic immunogen (experimental only)
DNA vaccine (experimental only)
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11
Q

Give 5 examples of inactivated viral vaccines

A 
Polio (Salk IPV)
Influenza
Hepatitis A
Japanese encephalitis
Rabies
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12
Q

Give 4 examples of inactivated bacterial vaccines

A

Cholera (oral and injected)
Typhoid
Pertussis (whole cell)
Q fever

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13
Q

Why is the whole cell pertussis vaccine no longer used?

A

Produces a fever

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14
Q

List 2 viral component vaccines and the components used in each

A 
Hepatitis B (using recombinant DNA for HBsAg)
HPV (virus-like particles)
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15
Q

What are the components used in the acellular pertussis vaccine?

A

3-5 components, including pertussis toxin, filamentous HA, pertactin

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16
Q

Give 3 examples of component vaccines utilising toxoids

A

Diphtheria
Tetanus
Cholera (added to living rationally attenuate vaccine)

17
Q

Give 2 examples of component vaccines utilising unmodified capsular PS

A

23-valent pneumococcal

Vi for typhoid

18
Q

Give 5 examples of component vaccines utilising conjugated capsular PS

A 
Hib
10-valent pneumococcal
13-valent pneumococcal
Meningococcal
4-valent meningococcal
19
Q

What are 3 advantages of living vaccines?

A

Broader immune response
Local immunity (sometimes)
Ease of administration (sometimes)

20
Q

What are the disadvantages of living vaccines?

A

Can cause disease via back mutation, spread (esp to immunocompromised individuals) or contamination
May fail if vaccine “dies” (“cold chain” required), if there is pre-existing immunity or if there is interference from immunity acquired to another similar agent

21
Q

What are 4 advantages of killed vaccines?

A

Stable
Contamination unlikely
Can’t spread
Safe for immune deficient

22
Q

What are 4 disadvantages of killed vaccines?

A

Weaker immune response
High dose
Need adjuvants
Expensive

23
Q

What vaccination/s are given at birth?

A

Hep B

24
Q

What vaccination/s are given at 2, 4 and 6 months?

A 
HepB
DTPa
Hib
IPV
13vPCV
Rotavirus
25
Q

What vaccination/s are given at 12 months?

A

Hib
MenC
MMR
13vPCV for ATSI

26
Q

What vaccination/s are given at 18 months?

A

MMRV

27
Q

What vaccination/s are given at 4 years?

A

DTPa

IPV

28
Q

What vaccination/s are given at 10-15 years?

A 
Hep B
VZV
HPV
dTPa
Flu for ATSI
23vPPV
29
Q

What vaccination/s are given to pregnant women?

A

Flu

30
Q

What vaccination/s are given at 50 years?

A

23vPPV for ATSI (5 yearly?)

31
Q

What vaccination/s are given at 65 years?

A

23vPPV (5 yearly?)

Flu (yearly)

Hannah's Locomotor (10 decks)

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