Immune System Diseases Flashcards
Primary Stem Cell Deficiency
Primary Immunodeficiency
Complete lack of immune system
Can affect bone marrow derived cells
Primary Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Primary Immunodeficiency
Involves both T-cells (cell-mediated) and B-cells (humoral)
Usually a result of thymus hypoplasty or agenesis
Results in severe infections and death by age 1
Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy
Primary Humoral Immunodeficiency
B-cell counts are normal, but delay in maturation
Delay in IgG production
Symptoms usually present after 6 months of age (mother passes on immunity before then)
X-Linked B-cell Immunodeficiency
Primary Humoral Immunodeficiency
Primarily in males
Inability of B-cells\ genes to respond to activation
Symptoms usually present after 6 months of age (mother passes on immunity before then)
- Usually GI tract or respiratory infections
Thymus Agenesis
Primary Cell Mediated Immunodeficiency Lack of Thymus gland Non-functional T-cells Reduced T-cell dependent B-cells Sx: increased risk of infection and neoplasia
DiGeorge’s Syndrome
Primary Cell Mediated Immunodeficiency
Hypoplastic thymus
T-cells are deficient in spleen, lymph nodes, and circulation
Sx: infections, neoplasia, and hypocalcemia resulting in seizures and tetany
Nezelopf’s Syndrome
Primary Cell Mediated Immunodeficiency
Deficient T-cells
Similar to DiGeorge’s without all the other defects
Infectious Mononucleosis
Secondary Immunodeficiency Acute and self-limiting Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (herpes) Associated with pharynx and saliva Infects B-cells and T-cells
Atopic Hypersensitivity
Type I
IgE
Usually chronic
Include rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis food allergies
Non-atopic Hypersensitivity
Type I
IgE
Usually acute
Anaphylaxis/Anaphylactic Shock
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Type II
Rh factor incompatibility
Usually only affects second pregnancy or after
Causes severe anemia, jaundice, hepatomegaly, or death in fetuses
Transfusion Reactions
Type II
IgM
Can result in hepatomegaly or splenomegaly
Myasthenia Gravis
Type II
IgG
Antibodies against nicotinic ACh receptors in muscle
Transplant Rejection
Type II (acute rejection only)
Type III Hypersensitivity
Antigen-antibody complexes in blood or tissue
Can activate compliment resulting in tissue damage (rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, etc)
Can lead to autoimmune diseases (hashimoto’s, lupus)
