Immune System CH 8

Question 1

Define Autoimmunity

Answer 1

Autoimmunity results when the immune system attacks against itself

Question 2

What are the two categories of the immune system

Answer 2

Innate and Adaptive
Natural and Acquired
Non-specific and Specific

Question 3

Which immune system division is acquired

Answer 3

Adaptive

Question 4

Which immune system division is natural

Answer 4

Innate

Question 5

Which immune system division is non-specific

Answer 5

Innate

Question 6

Which immune system division is specific

Answer 6

Adaptive

Question 7

Which immune system division is always active agains infections

Answer 7

Innate

Question 8

Which immune system division is not always active against infections

Answer 8

Adaptive

Question 9

Which immune system division targets specific pathogens

Answer 9

Adaptive

Question 10

Which immune system division cannot target specific pathogens

Answer 10

Innate

Question 11

Which immune system division has the capability to store memory of pathogens

Answer 11

Adaptive

Question 12

Which immune system division does not have the capability to retain memory of pathogens

Answer 12

Innate

Question 13

Which immune system division is always learning

Answer 13

Adaptive

Question 14

Which immune system division is not always learning

Answer 14

Innate

Question 15

What kind of defenses does the Innate immune system have

Answer 15

non-specific cells and structures

skin - physical barrier 
antimicrobial molecules -- defensins, sweat 
mucus -- lysozymes 
cilia -- physical barries 
stomach acid
good gut bacteria colonized 
complement system
interferons -- proteins that target viruses

Question 16

What is an innate immune response of the skin

Answer 16

physical barrier – 1st line of defense
sweat has antimicrobial properties
defensins contain antibacterial enzymes

Question 17

What is an innate immune response of the respiratory system

Answer 17

mucus lined – can trap particles – also has lysozymes that are non-specific bacterial enzymes

cilia to push up and trap pathogens and molecules

Question 18

What is an innate immune response of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 18

stomach acid – eliminates most pathogens

intestines – colonized by good bacteria – microbiome to outcompete the bad pathogens

Question 19

What is the complement system

Answer 19

an innate immune response - it is non-specific – comprised of proteins in the blood

the complement systems are associated with antibodies but are considered non-specific because they cannot be modified to target a specific antigen/pathogen

is activated via the classical or alternative pathways

Question 20

Which pathway of the complement system requires antibodies to activate

Answer 20

classical – requires binding of antibody to the pathogen to activate

Question 21

Which pathway of the complement system does not require antibodies to activate

Answer 21

alternative – does not require binding of an antibody to activate

Question 22

What are Interferons and how do they work

Answer 22

proteins that prevent viral replication and dispersion

cause viruses nearby to decrease production of viral and cellular proteins

decrease permeability of these cells – making it harder for the virus to infect

up regulate MCH class I and II molecules which increase the antigen leading to better detection of infected cells to the immune system

responsible for flu-like symptoms such as malaise, tiredness, muscle soreness, and fever

Question 23

What are the different cells types associated with the innate immune system

Answer 23

Macrophages 
Natural Killer Cells 
Granulocytes 
Mast Cells 
Dendritic cells

Question 24

What are the different cell types associated with the adaptive immune system

Answer 24

B-cell

T-cell

Question 25

What is the role of macrophages

Answer 25

innate | phagocytosis -- engulfs and digests pathogens

Question 26

What is the role of Natural Killer Cells

Answer 26

innate NKC cells destroys the bodies own cells that are infected they also can attack cancer cells

Question 27

What is the role of Mast cells

Answer 27

innate | releases histamines and other chemicals to promote inflammation

Question 28

What is the role of Granulocytes

Answer 28

innate three cells types include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils all three granulocyte cells participated in the inflammatory response

Question 29

What is the role of dendritic cells

Answer 29

innate presents antigens to the adaptive immune cells -- the adaptive immune cells then induce them to attack bearers of the displayed antigen

Question 30

What is the role of B-cells

Answer 30

adaptive | antigens stimulate B-cells to divide and produce antibodies that neutralize invaders or tag them for killing

Question 31

What is the role of T-cells

Answer 31

adaptive a killer T-cell destroys an infected cell in which it detect the presence of antigens helper and regulatory T-cells coordinate the immune response

Question 32

What is the most populous leukocyte in the blood

Answer 32

Neutrophil -- a type of granulocyte

Question 33

What is the role of neutrophils and where are they located in the body

Answer 33

innate immune response type of granulocyte -- has granules inside them most populous leukocyte in the blood short-lived -- live about 5 days phagocytic can follow bacteria via chemotaxis can target/detect opsonized bacteria (marked with an antibodies from a B-cell) pus is the formation of dead neutrophils at the side of an infection

Question 34

What is the role of eosinophils and where are they located in the body

Answer 34

innate immune repose type of granulocyte -- contain bright red-orange granules primarily involved in allergic reactions and invasive parasite infections once activated eosinophils release large amounts of histamine -- an inflammatory mediator -- resulting in vasodilation and increased leakiness of the blood vessels -- allowing other immune cells to move out of the blood steam and into the tissue -- causing inflammation inflammation is particularity useful agains extracellular pathogens including bacteria, fungi, and parasites