Immune System Cells

Question 1

types of phagocytes

Answer 1

neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, mast cells

Question 2

B lymphocytes

Answer 2

secrete specific antibodies after antigen recognition

Question 3

TH1

Answer 3

recognises extracellular bacteria, increases macrophage killing, useful in secondary immune response

Question 4

TH2

Answer 4

recognises worms and parasites, useful in primary immune response, if a child isn’t exposed to enough pathogens at a young age, their TH2 cell count will be too high in relation to TH1 cell count, and they will be at an increased risk of allergies, asthma, etc.

Question 5

cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Answer 5

attack other cells; particularly useful against viruses; CD8+ T cells

Question 6

natural killer cells

Answer 6

contain granules; attack cancerous/infected cells

Question 7

types of granulocytes

Answer 7

basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

Question 8

basophils

Answer 8

prominent cytoplasmic granules; involved in allergic reactions; useful against parasties

Question 9

eosinophils

Answer 9

contain a bilobed nucleus and granules; involved in allergic reactions/asthma; useful against parasites

Question 10

mast cells

Answer 10

useful against parasites; mediate allergic reactions; release inflammatory chemicals e.g. histamine

Question 11

monocytes

Answer 11

horseshoe-shaped nucleus; precursors of macrophages

Question 12

neutrophils

Answer 12

granulocytes; prominent, multi-lobed nucleus; phagocytes; accumulate at site of injury, causing inflammation

Question 13

dendritic cells

Answer 13

precursors of monocytes; presents antigens to B and T cells; expresses MHC I and MHC II

Question 14

CD4+ T cells

Answer 14

any kind of helper T cell

Question 15

IFNγ

Answer 15

activates macrophages in a positive feedback loop

Question 16

TNFα

Answer 16

pro-inflammatory mediator

Question 17

IL-2

Answer 17

promotes growth and development of peripheral immune cells in the initiation of immune response