Immune system cells

Question 1

what are pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells

Answer 1

undifferentiated cells that can become a variety of blood cells

Question 2

what can pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells initially differentiate into

Answer 2

myeloid stem cells lymphoid stem cells dendritic stem cells

Question 3

what can myeloid stem cells become

Answer 3

megakaryocytes reticulocytes promyelocytes

Question 4

what is the role of megakaryocytes

Answer 4

produce platelets

Question 5

what do reticulocytes become

Answer 5

RBCs

Question 6

what do promyelocytes become

Answer 6

macrophagesneutrophils eosinophils mast cells basophils

Question 7

where do lymphoid stem cells travel to

Answer 7

thymus to differentiate into T and B lymphocytes

Question 8

where to B cells mature

Answer 8

bone marrow

Question 9

what do B cells differentiate into

Answer 9

plasma cells memory B cells

Question 10

where do T cells mature

Answer 10

thymus

Question 11

what do t cells differentiate into

Answer 11

CD4 cells - helper cells CD8 cells - cytotoxic cells natural killer cells

Question 12

what are reticulocytes

Answer 12

immature RBCS released from bone marrow

Question 13

when do reticulocytes becomes RBCs

Answer 13

when they lose their reticulum

Question 14

features of macrophages

Answer 14

monocytes kill pathogens and abnormal cells by phagocytosis release cytokines to initiate inflammatory response

Question 15

role of neutrophils

Answer 15

circulate in blood migrate to areas of inflammation kill pathogens by phagocytosis

Question 16

role of eosinophils

Answer 16

contain granules with proinflammatory cytokines and toxic chemicals respond to parasites exocytose the granules, phagocytosis

Question 17

what are mast cells

Answer 17

cells that are fixed in place in tissues contain cytoplasmic granules degranulation releases pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 18

structure of B lymphocytes

Answer 18

cell surface is lined with antibodies each B cell has a specific type of antibody for a specific antigen B cells only recognise antigens that match their antibodies

Question 19

what can B cells become when activated

Answer 19

plasma cells - secrete antibodies aka immunoglobulins memory B cells - part of adaptive immune system

Question 20

T cell structure

Answer 20

cell surface lined with T cell receptors each T cell has a specific receptor for a specific antigen

Question 21

what do CD4 T cells become when activated

Answer 21

T-helper cells help other cells become activated

Question 22

what do CD8 cells become when activated

Answer 22

cytotoxic T cells

Question 23

function of cytotoxic T cells

Answer 23

granule exocytosis to destroy cells activate Fas pathway to cause apoptosis

Question 24

function of NK cells

Answer 24

activated by cytokines from macrophages and interferons recognise infected or abnormal cells destroy cells release IFN-Y to activate macrophages

Question 25

function of dendritic cells

Answer 25

take up antigens to process and display on cell surface take the antigens to lymph nodes to activate T cells