Immune system and Vaccine science Flashcards
what is innate immunity?
skin
epithelial barriers
phagocytes
complement
NK cells
can act rapidly
what is the adaptive immune system?
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
antibodies
effector T cells
what would be the natural prpgression of the immune response?
early on - cytokine release
NK cells then kill virally infected cells
later T cells take over
antibodies produced for long term protection
which antibody predominates in the initiate response ?
IgM over IgG
which antibody predominates upon reinfection?
IgG over IgM
what are the 3 main functions of antibodies?
neutralisation
oponisation
complement activation
what are the aims of immunisation programmes?
protect those at high risk (selective strategy)
eradicat, eliminate or contain disease (mass strategy)
what are some examples of selective vaccination?
-travel
-occupational risk
-high risk groups
-outbreak control
when would more precaution need to be taken for live vaccines?
-those with primary or acquired immunodeficiency
-immunosupresive including biological therapy
-pregant women
what does attenuation mean?
strains which will replicate in host
means the virus or bacterium has been weakened to reduce virulence so it cannot cause disease in healthy people
what are some examples of live vaccines?
MMR, BCG, yellow fever
what are inactivated vaccines?
do not contain a pathogen capable of replicating and causing disease
what are some different types of inactivated vaccines?
-whole killed vaccines
-acellulae/sub-unit vaccines
-polysaccharide
-conjugate
-toxoid
-recombinanant vacine
