Immune System Flashcards
The immune system begins to develop at what age?
6 weeks of age.
What Functions does the immune system serve?
Support
Protect
Vitalize functions
maintain homeostasis
What is the Innate immune system?
Primary defense again pathogens.
Examples:
Integument: skin prohibits invasion of organisms
Phagocytosis: destruction of foreign organisms
Killer T cells: destroy virus-infected cells.
Passive Immunity
Antibodies (activated T cells) given to provide short-term immunity.
Acquired (Active) Immunity
Immunity obtained either from the development of antibodies in response to exposure to an antigen, as from vaccination or an attack of an infectious disease.
What are the 2 branches of Acquired Immunity?
- Humoral Branch: B lymphocytes, originate in bone marrow and plasma cells
- Cell Mediated Branch: T lymphocytes formed by the thymus.
What changes happens at the tissue level during an inflammatory response?
- Localized vasodilation
- increased blood flow
- increased capillary permeability
- extravasation of plasma proteins
- chemotactic movement of leukocytes to site of injury
Anaphylaxis is:
- IgE mediated
- Immediate systemic hypersensitivity
- Antibodies attach to mast cells and basophils releasing histamines and other inflammatory mediators.
Hives, swelling, stridor, N/V, hypotension, urticaria.
Anaphylactoid reaction is:
- NOT IgE mediated
- same symptoms as anaphylaxis, treat the same.
Type I Hypersensitivity:
Anaphylaxis
Type II Hypersensitivity:
- Antibodies specific to antigens attach to cell surface.
- Cytotoxic (aoutimmune hemolytic anemia or transfusion reaction)
Type III Hypersensitivity:
Immune complex disease
- antibodies bind to antigens and release enzymes that cause tissue damage.
ex. Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, glomrulonephritis
Type IV Hypersensitivity:
Delayed sensitivity, cell mediated.
-ex. contact dermatitis, graft rejection.
What are the 4 the most common drugs (in order of most to least common) to cause anaphylaxis?
- Muscle relaxants (60%): Rocuronium
- Latex (15%)
- Antibiotics (5-10%)
- Opioids (<5%): demerol and morphine
Treatment for anaphylaxis:
EPINEPHRINE:
Adults: 100-500mcg subQ or IM may repeat q 10-15 minutes or 50-100mcg IV
Children: 10mcg/kg up to 500mcg q 15 x 2, then q 4 hours.
DIPHENHYDRAMINE: 1-2 mg/kg or 25-50mg IV for adults
H1 and H2 blockers.
steroids questionable.