Immune System Flashcards
What are Five types of pathogens? Give two examples of diseases caused by each
- Fungi (Tinea, Ringworm)
- Viruses (Chicken Pox, HIV)
- Bacteria (Salmonelosis, Thyroid Fever, Whooping Cough)
- Protozoa (Malaria, African Sleeping Sickness)
- Helminths (Tape worms, worms
What are three differences between a virus and a bacterium?
Bacterium can reproduce on its own whereas viruses cannot.
Viruses require a living host to multiply whereas bacteria can grow on dead and living organisms.
Viruses invade your cells whereas bacteria release toxins.
What are 2 similarities between bacteria and Protozoa
They both have a single celled and have a cell wall
Explain how the terms unicellular, multicellular and eukaryotic apply to Helminths?
Multicellular and unicellular can differ in a Helminth but all Helminths have a nucleus (are Eukaryotic)
How does skin make it difficult for pathogens to enter the body
Forms a waterproof barrier that stop the pathogens from being able to enter your skin
How do tears and mucous make it difficult for pathogens to enter the body
They both contain an enzyme that breaks down the cell wall of many bacteria
How does acid in the urinary tract stop pathogens entering the body
Urine is slightly acidic which keeps it clear of bacterial infection
Phagocytosis- what is it?
Phagocytes surround the pathogen and once enclosed, the pathogen is destroyed. (Like pacman)
What role does the lymphatic system play in the immune system
It cleans the blood from pathogens
What type of lymphocytes produce antibodies? How long does this take?
B Lymphocytes (B-cells) produce antibodies, this takes around 2-3 days
Why might someone be Naturally Impassive to a disease and not know? Give an example
Natural Passive Immunity is when antibodies are obtained from across the placenta or in the breast milk. So this means that they may have gained immunity for a pathogen from the breast milk of the mother. Eg, antibodies form in a pregnant mother into the breast milk, which allows the infant to gain a defence system straight away.
What is Acquired Passive Immunity known as? Give 3 examples
An acquired passive immunity is more commonly know as a vaccine.
Dead microbe (knowing the antigen system, it’s ok because your body gets tricked into making antibodies without risk of health)
Weakened version of the microbe
Antigens separated from the microbe
Freddy gets a flu but then later in the same season does not get sick again. What immunity is this? Does he carry the flu virus still?
This immunity is know as Natural Active Immunity. When Freddy was infected with the same pathogen again, the dormant antibodies reacted immediately to attack and destroy it. There were no symptoms. He does not carry the flu virus still because the antibodies have destroyed it and memorised the disease so that they can destroy it again if it comes up again.
What is the role of the lymphatic system in circulating fluids?
The fluid is collected from the tissues, passes through lymph nodes to be checked for pathogens and is then returned back to the circulatory system
Name the fluid that flows in lymphatic vessels
Lymph
