Immune System Flashcards
How do pathogens enter our body?
air, water, food, wounds/cuts
What are antigens
any substance, like a macromolecule, that initiates a response from the immune system.
What’s another name for WBC (White Blood Cells)
Leukocytes
Where do WBCs (White Blood Cells) originate from?
Bone Marrow
What is the name of blood stem cells?
Hematopoietic stem cells
Where are leukocytes found?
Found circulating in blood plasma, lymph system, tissue
Leukocytes can move_______ the flow of blood/lymph
against
What process allows Leukocytes to move against the flow of blood/lymph?
Diapedesis
What is diapedesis?
movement/squeezing of leukocytes through the tiny slits/crevices found through endothelial cells of the capillaries
What are the 3 types of Leukocytes?
- Granulocytes 2. Agranulocytes
- Megakaryocytes
Characteristics of granulocytes
Cytoplasms with granules and lobe-shaped nuclei
3 types of granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
What is the role of a neutrophil?
Destroying pathogens/are phagocytic
What is the role of an Eosinophil?
dealing/killing parasites & involved with allergic reactions
What anti-clotting agent do Basophil’s contain?
Heparin
What chemical does a Basophil have inside its granules?
Histamine
What do histamines do?
Initiate inflammation
Type of Megakaryocytes
Platelets
What is another name for platelets?
Thrombocytes
Characteristics of platelets
Cytoplasm, no nucleus
If a cut develops, what do platelets do?
Platelets bind to the cut, aggregate and form a temporary patch. They call other cells to come.
Characteristics of Agranulocytes
no granules, spherical/kidney shaped nuclei
2 types of Agranulocytes
Monocytes & Lymphocytes
What do monocytes differentiate to?
Macrophages
What are the 2 types of cells that Lymphocytes differentiate into?
T-Lymphocytes & B Lymphocytes
Largest Phagocytic Cells
Macrophages
Type of Agranulocyte that makes up the specific/acquired immune system
Lymphocytes
What do macrophages do?
seek out harmful agents and engulf them
What is the process of engulfing called?
Phagocytosis
What do B cells do?
Create antibodies
What cells do B cells differentiate into?
Plasma & Memory Cells
What type of B cell creates antibodies?
Plasma B cells
What type of B cell protect us from reinfection?
Memory B cells
What are the 4 types of cells that T cells differentiate into?
Helper, Killer, Suppressor, Memory T cells
What do helper T cells do?
Release chemicals that help other cells mature
What do killer T cells do?
Uses membrane proteins to bind to pathogens and release chemicals into them
What cell functions like memory B cells
Memory T cells
What is the function of suppressor T cells
suppressing and regulating the immune system
What are the 2 types of immunity/immune systems?
Innate (non-specific) and acquired (specific)
What type of immune system is the primary line of defense?
Innate/non-specifc immune system
What are the 2 differences between non-specific (innate) and specific (acquired) immune systems?
Innate:
- no process of learning
- does not depend on the presence of specific antigens
Acquired:
- process of learning
- does depend on the presence of specific antigens
Physical Barriers of the Innate Immune System
Skin (secrete fatty acids), Eyes (tears), Mouth (saliva), Air passageways (mucous & cilia), Stomach (HCl)
