immune system

Question 1

protects the body from disease-causing agents or pathogens

Answer 1

immune system

Question 2

what are the two parts of the immune system

Answer 2

innate defense and adaptive defense systems

Question 3

nonspecific response to pathogens

Answer 3

innate defense

Question 4

response is specific to a given pathogen

Answer 4

adaptive defense

Question 5

system that keeps pathogens from entering the body

Answer 5

innate immune system’s first line of defense

Question 6

the innate immune system’s first line of defense consists of what

Answer 6

skin, mucus, secretions

Question 7

this fights pathogens that have entered the body

Answer 7

innate immune system’s second line of defense

Question 8

the innate immune system’s second line of defense consists of

Answer 8

phagocytes, specific proteins, and inflammatory response

Question 9

T or F? the third line of defense is the adaptive immune system

Answer 9

true

Question 10

these retain memory of the specific pathogen and fight the pathogen

Answer 10

lymphocytes (B cells and various types of T cells)

Question 11

what helps prevent pathogens from invading the body?

Answer 11

mucus

Question 12

bacteria cell enters body through cut, which describes immune response that occurs next?

Answer 12

histamine are released to stim. blood flow to cut which allows WBCs to infiltrate the area.

Question 13

skin and secretions like acid, salt, and enzymes serve as what

Answer 13

barrier that prevents entry of pathogen

Question 14

once the external and the cells and chemicals that attack the pathogens have been compromised what happens next?

Answer 14

adaptive system identifies, targets, and remembers that pathogen.

Question 15

why is the lymph system important in regards to the immune system?

Answer 15

because pathogens from blood circulate through lymph too. B cells and T cells reside in lymph nodes and are activated when pathogen is found.

Question 16

what happens in an inflammatory response?

Answer 16

it is a first response where histamines are released increasing blood flow to area of a cut and the # of WBCs (phagocytes) to area.

Question 17

what happens in an inflammatory response?

Answer 17

it is a first response where histamines are released increasing blood flow to area of a cut and the # of WBCs (phagocytes) to area.

Question 18

f(x) of phagocytes:

Answer 18

destroy bacteria (engulf)

Question 19

what do plasma cells produce

Answer 19

antibodies

Question 20

why do we need vaccines?

Answer 20

we need them bc they help produce antibodies in case of future infection

Question 21

proteins that interfere with the production of new viruses, released when a virus enters body

Answer 21

interferon

Question 22

what speeds up the body’s immune response

Answer 22

fevers

Question 23

what attacks host cells that harbor intracellular pathogens

Answer 23

internal barriers that include antimicrobial peptides and “natural killer” NK lymphocyte cells

Question 24

two general responses to specific pathogens

Answer 24

cellular or humoral

Question 25

the cellular response destroys what

Answer 25

infected cell

Question 26

the humoral response destroys what

Answer 26

pathogens found in body fluids using antibodies secreted by B cells

Question 27

adaptive functional cells

Answer 27

lymphocytes T cells and B cells

Question 28

why is the body able to remember signature molecules (antigens) from pathogens?

Answer 28

bc it has been previously exposed

Question 29

what do macrophages do?

Answer 29

they are antigen-presenting cells digest pathogens and present the pathogen’s antigen signature to helper T cells

Question 30

either a B cell or a cytotoxic T cell is activated depending on what?

Answer 30

the type of antigen presented to the helper T cell

Question 31

helper T cells produce cytokines to activate

Answer 31

a cytotoxic T cell

Question 32

searches out and destroys any cell that contains the pathogen’s antigen signature

Answer 32

cytotoxic T cell

Question 33

what induces the B cell to multiply rapidly into secretory cells (plasma cells)

Answer 33

helper T cell

Question 34

produce large amounts of an antibody that can bind the antigen, b cells cloning into memory cells at the same time so that the body remembers the specific antigen

Answer 34

plasma cells

Question 35

what happens when an antigen appears again in the body?

Answer 35

memory cells are triggered to form plasma cells which quickly produce the specific antibody to the antigen

Question 36

what system(s) produces WBCs (lymphocytes)?

Answer 36

lymphatic and skeletal systems

Question 37

introduces antibodies from another source that can rapidly neutralize toxins

Answer 37

passive immunity

Question 38

Can passive and active immunity be induced artificially?

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

vaccinations elicit an immune response through

Answer 39

the introduction of antigens which can be weakened or killed

Question 40

what type of immunity is a rapid treatment for a snakebite?

Answer 40

passive

Question 41

AIDs is caused by

Answer 41

HIV

Question 42

how does HIV prevent the adaptive immune system from operating?

Answer 42

it infects helper T cells (which activate cytotoxic T cells and B cells)

Question 43

type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis are types of?

Answer 43

autoimmune disease

Question 44

this occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets a host molecule as a foreign antibody

Answer 44

autoimmune disease

Question 45

the overactive immune system targets innocuous particles causing the body to overproduce huge amounts of antibodies triggering a histamine release from mast cells resulting in

Answer 45

allergy symptoms (sneezing, mucus secretion)