immune system Flashcards
Passive immunity
skin, the lining of the lungs, mouth, and stomach
active immunity
cellular defense mechanism
what are the two types of white blood cells?
phagocytes and lymphocytes
spleen
filters and stores blood, also produces white blood cells
thymus
responsible for maturation of T cells
tonsils
small organ filled with lymphocytes located around the throat
bone marrow
responsible for the storage of fats and creation of blood cells
Peyer’s patches
located throughout the small intestine, contains lymphocytes and absorbs fats
mucous membranes
tissues that retain large numbers of lymphocytes
what are the functions of the lymphatic system?
maintain fluid balance in the body, absorb cellular waster and digestive fats, assist with the immune system
the lymphatic system deposit lymph into
collecting ducts that return the fluid to the circulatory system
colorless fluid seeped from the blood plasma and into the tissues
lymph
how does lymph serve as a immune function?
circulating white blood cells and collecting damaged cells, cancer cells, and foreign invaders.
white blood cells are referred as
lymphocytes
lymph nodes
bean shaped glands placed around the body that filter the circulating lymph
how many lymph nodes are in the body?
around 600
site of antibody creation to prime the rest of the body to fight infections
lymph nodes
lymphatic vessels
thin walled and low pressure vessels that circulate and filter lymph before returning the fluid to the venous system
lymphatic vessels are —— than capillaries and majority are ——– than veins
larger, smaller
lymphatic vessels move fluid towards
the larger left and right lymphatic collecting ducts
what point does the lymph return to the circulation?
collecting ducts
two collecting ducts which are called
right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct
lymphatic duct that drains lymph from the head, neck, right arm, and right thorax
right collecting duct
duct that drains lymph from the lower half of the body and the rest of the thorax
thoracic duct
lymphedema is
edema caused by a dysfunction of the lymphatic system
what is the lymphatic six primary organs?
spleen, thymus, tonsils, bone marrow, peyer’s patch, mucous membranes
largest of the lymphatic system responsible for filtering and storing blood and producing white blood cells
spleen
location of spleen
upper left abdomen above the stomach
why is it possible to rupture a spleen and risks?
it is a spongey organ that is always filled with blood, will result in massive bleeding requiring surgery
function of the spleen
breaks down old red blood cells and platelets from the circulation, and stores platelets.
possible reasoning the body is not able to clot because of the spleen?
it is storing too many platelets
a gland like organ that turns into fatty tissue as someone ages
thymus
a more general subdivision of the immune system, consisting of pre existing barriers, mucous membranes, and non specific immune cells
innate immune system
the t cells roll in innate immunity
identify and kill cells infected with a virus or cancerous
t cells roll in active immunity
creating memory cells and using chemical signaling to call other adaptive immune cells
spongy tissue found in some bones responsible for storing fats and creating blood cells
bone marrow
most red bone marrow in adults is located where in the body ?
flat bones
red bone marrow
creates all red blood cells, and platelets, as well as most lymphocytes in the body
when under great stress the body will convert —— marrow to —— marrow
yellow, red
lymphatic tissues contain cells that trap and destroy bacteria that enter the intestines
peyer’s patches
similar to lymph nodes in that they store white blood cells
peyer’s patches
lacteals absorb facts from the digestive system and form a substance called
chyle
what cells are located near patches of lymphatic tissues of the intestines
M cells
part of the lymphatoc system that is found throughout the body including digestive, respiratory, and vaginal tracts that aid in combating pathogens
mucous membranes
function of the lymphatic system
fluid balance, absorption, immune system
the plasma returns about —– percent to the venous circulatory while the remaining ——– is collected by the lymphatic system
90% , 10%
small protrusions of the small intestines that takes in fats and some vitamins from the small intestines is called
lacteals
lymphadenitis
swelling of the lymph nodes
lymphoma
cancer in the lymph nodes caused by lymphocytes growing and multiplying uncontrollably
swelling of one or more extremities due to blockage of the lymph nodes or vessels caused by cancer or cancer treatments
lymphedema
this part of your lymphatic system picks up fluid that leak out of your capillary bed and then returns them to your bloodstream
lymphatic vessels
this structure filters your blood to remove bacteria, viruses, and other foreign materials
spleen
the fluid found within a lymphatic vessel in your arm and leg is called
lymph
if a bacterium was captured from your tissues and taken up by your lymphatic system, what would be the correct sequence of structures it would encounter as it traveled through your lymphatic system?
lymphatic capilliary, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes
lacteals carry chyle from the intestine to the ——- duct
thoracic
the thoracic duct joins the circulatory system through which of the following structures?
the left subclavian vein
