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BOD > Immune system > Flashcards

Immune system Flashcards

1
Q

C3(H20)Bb

A

Fluid phase C3 convertase

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2
Q

C3bBb

A

Alternative pathway C3 convertase

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3
Q

C3b2Bb

A

Alternative pathway C5 convertase

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4
Q

Mannose binding lectin

A

Soluble PRR that binds mannose and fucose residues on microbes
- Associated with MASP1/2 (serine proteases) that cleave C4 and C2

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5
Q

C4bC2A

A

Classical C4 convertase

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6
Q

C reactive protein

A

Soluble PRR that recognises phosphocholine on bacterial surfaces
Binds C1 and activates so C1s (serine protease part) can cleave C4 and C2

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7
Q

Antibody inducing complement

A

Antibody binds C1q at Fc region causing conformational change to activate C1s/r
C1s can then cleave C4 and C2 to make classical C3 convertase

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8
Q

C4bC2aC3b

A

Classical C5 convertase

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9
Q

Factor P (properdin)

A

Stabilises C3 and C5 convertase (alternative) to assist MAC formation

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10
Q

Factor I

A

Degrades C3b and C4b

Constitutively expressed

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11
Q

Membrane cofactor protein (MCP)

A

Activates factor I (cofactor)

Dissociates classical and alternative C3 convertase via decay accelerating capacity

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12
Q

Factor H

A

Cofactor for factor I but binds host sialic acid so specific

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13
Q

Decay accelerating factor

A

Makes C3 convertases dissociate

On host

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14
Q

Protectin

A

Prevents C9 recruitment so stops MAC

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15
Q

FcgammaRIIIa

A

On NK cells to cause granule release for ADCC

And on mast cells for granule release

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16
Q

FcgammaRIIb

A

-ve signal to turn off antibody response

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17
Q

FcgammaRI

A

On macrophages for phagocytosis

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18
Q

FcepsilonRI

A

On eosinophils to cause granules release to defend against helminths
On mast cells, often pretending IgE; cross linking causes degranulation in allergy

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19
Q

IL-12

A

Activates NK cells

Causes naive T cells to become Th1

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20
Q

Neutrophil recruitment sequence

A

s-Lex binds P selectin for weak tethering
LFA-1 binds ICAM-1; becomes tight when CXCL8 binds its receptor
LFA-1 interacts with CD31 for passage across tight junction
Follows CXCL8 gradient

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21
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Macrophages are key
Fibroblasts recruited by FGF
Endothelial cells recruited by VEGF
Metalloproteinases from macrophages break down ECM for remodelling

Repair and inflammation at same time

22
Q

Master transcription factor for Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg

A 
Th1 = T-bet
Th2 = GATA-3
Th17 = RORgammaT
Treg = FOXP3
23
Q

High vs low antigen dose

A

High dose -> Th1 response, high TCR affinity

Low dose -> Th2 response, low TCR affinity

24
Q

Anti-inflammatory cytokines

A

IL-10, TGF-beta

25
Q

Direct antibody autoimmunity

A

Graves disease: agonist at TSH receptor so hyperthyroidism
Hashimoto’s disease: anti-TSH so hypothyroidism
Myasthenia Gravis: anti-nAChR so get paralysis and weakness

26
Q

Immune complex mediated autoimmunity

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Autoantibodies against nuclear and cytoplasmic componenets
Not cleared so deposit in kidneys, endothelium

27
Q

T cell mediated autoimmunity

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple sclerosis
Type 1 diabetes

28
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Allergy
IgE mediated
Dendritic cell presents allergen to naive T cell in presence of IL-4 so get Th2
This release IL-4 and IL-13 to make B cell that produces IgE
This gets rebound to receptors on mast cells which degranulate upon cross linking

29
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity

A

IgM or IgE binding to cells and triggering clearance by macrophages/complement

e.g in blood transfusion/rhesus antigen related

30
Q

To avoid rhesus antibody production

A

Add lots of anti-Rh antibodies to mask the presence of Rh antigens

31
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

IgG; immune complex deposition e.g serum sickness

Arthus reaction

32
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity

A

T cell mediated

Haptens modify proteins causing their presentation and Th1 response

33
Q

Cytokines pro Th1

A

IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, TNF, IFNgamma

34
Q

Cytokines pro Th2

A

IL-4, IL-10, TGFbeta (anti-inflammatory)

35
Q

NOD like receptor mutation disease

A

Crohn’s

36
Q

TLR4

A

LPS

37
Q

TLR5

A

Flagellin

38
Q

TLR 7 and 8

A

ssRNA

39
Q

TLR3

A

dsRNA

40
Q

RIG like receptors

A

Detect viral RNA in cytoplasm

41
Q

Macrophage produces

A

IL-1beta
TNFalpha
IL-6: lymphocyte activation, C reactive protein production
CXCL8: chemokine to recruit neutrophils
IL-12: activates NK cells and induces CD4 cells to become Th1

42
Q

Mast cell releases

A

Histamine, TNFalpha, leukotrienes, prostaglandins

43
Q

Vascular endothelium activation

A

Short term: by histamine; get P selection release from Weber Palade bodies
Longer term: from IL-1 and TNFalpha get E selectin

44
Q

Monocyte recruitment adhesin molecule

A

VCAM-1

45
Q

Anti-inflammatory leukotriene

A

Lipoxin

46
Q

Anti-inflammatory cytokines

A

IL-10, TGFbeta

47
Q

Staphylococcus interaction with complement

A

Inhibits C3 convertases and degrades C3b

48
Q

Two signals to activate T cells

A

1) Via interaction of MHC with TCR

2) Interaction of B7 (CD80/86 on B cell) with CD28

49
Q

Defective AIRE expression

A

Leads to APECED

50
Q

Lack of FoxP3

A

IPEX

X linked

BOD (7 decks)

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