Immune response to infection

Question 1

What is macrophage activation?

Answer 1

Expression of host-defence genes after detecting microbes and cytokines

Question 2

Innate vs adaptive elements?

Answer 2

Physical barriers, humoral, neutrophils, macrophages, DC, NK
vs
Antibodies, T cells, B cells, plasma cells

Question 3

3 things uncontrolled phagocytic activity can lead to?

Answer 3

Granulomas
Excessive inflammation
Tissue damage

Question 4

What does IFN- gamma stimulate?

Answer 4

Expression of genes toxic to intracellular bacteria, e.g macrophage activation

Question 5

3 enhanced things activated macrophages display?

Answer 5

Phagocytosis and migration
Cytokine/chemokine production
Antigen presentation and T cell activation

Question 6

4 types of antiviral genes?

Answer 6

Nucleases
Inhibitors of virus entry and exit
Inhibitors of viral uncoating and replication
Inhibitors of protein translation

Question 7

2 enzymes used to kill pathogens?

Answer 7

Phagocyte oxidase to produce ROS

iNOS to produce nitric oxide

Question 8

What two things decrease and what increases with age?

Answer 8

Naive T cells and thymic output

Memory T cells