Immune quiz 1 Tyanna half

Question 1

Antibody definition? What is it also called

Answer 1

A flexible adaptor produced by B lymphocytes and can only bind to one specific antigen. Also called immunoglobulins

Question 2

Antibody functions (3)

Answer 2

1. Act as opsonin to promote phagocytosis
2. activate complement
3. neutralize bacterial toxins

Question 3

Pathogen definition?

Answer 3

organism that causes disease.

Question 4

humoral immunity definition? What is it modulated by?

Answer 4

production of antibodies in response to antigenic stimulation, modulated by B cells.

Question 5

cell mediated (cellular) immunity definition?

Answer 5

modulated by T cells and usually requires presentation of antigen by macrophage. works in the production of cytokines

Question 6

What are the desirable effect of the immune system that we covered? (3)

Answer 6

1. natural resistance
2. recovery from a disease
3. acquired resistance

Question 7

what are the undesirable effects of the immune system that we covered?

Answer 7

1. transplant rejection
2. autoimmunity
3. allergy

Question 8

describe the factors involved in the immunocompetence of an individual

Answer 8

1. site of infection
2. type of pathogen (some pathogens are harder to fight off than others)

Question 9

What is active immunity? (Humoral of cell mediated)

Answer 9

A type of acquired immunity which results from infection or immunization
Humoral

Question 10

What is passive immunity (humoral or cell mediated)

Answer 10

Transfer of antibodies from one individual to another (humoral)

Question 11

What is adoptive immunity? humoral or cell mediated?

Answer 11

transfer of immunocompetent cells
cell mediated

Question 12

What is the differences between the 3 types of acquired immunity?

Answer 12

active and passive are humoral and result from prior exposure either. adoptive is cell mediated and is from transfer of immunocompetent cells.

Question 13

what are the soluble mediators of immunity? (4)

Answer 13

1. antibodies
2. cytokines
3. acute phase proteins
4. complement

Question 14

How do antibodies function

Answer 14

1. act as opsonin to promote phagocytosis
2. activate complement
3. neutralize bacterial toxins

Question 15

How do cytokines function? What are the principle cytokines? (3)

Answer 15

They are a large group of molecules involved in signaling between cells during immune response.
1. interferons 2. interleukins 3. colony stimulating factors

Question 16

How do acute phase proteins function?

Answer 16

synthesized in liver in response to inflammation, injury, or trauma to tissues. Soluble factors important in wound healing.

Question 17

How do complement function? What are the functions? (3)

Answer 17

function to control inflammation
1. opsonization
2. chemotaxis
3. lysis

Question 18

What are the 2 complement pathways explain?

Answer 18

1. alternate- innate nonspecific rxn, spontaneously activated by microorganisms
2. classic - adaptive, specific rxn,
   activated by antibodies bound to pathogen surface, promotes uptake of bacteria by phagocytosis

Question 19

Opsonization definition?

Answer 19

Promotion of uptake of bacteria by phagocytes

Question 20

Epitope definition

Answer 20

the part of the antigen molecule that an antibody attaches itself, also called antigenic determinant.

Question 21

What are the principles of vaccinations?

Answer 21

Acquired resistance by introducing a small amount of pathogen to the body works because the phagocytes lack receptor for microorganism or microorganism does not activate the complement so it doesnt make you sick.

Question 22

Discuss the factors we covered associated with the immune status of the host?

Answer 22

1. age- newborn system not developed
   - elderly decreased # immune
   cells and break down of natural
   barriers
2. general health
3. genetic predisposition
4. nutritional status
5. stress level