Immune Modulation - Suppressing the Immune Response

Question 1

How do we suppress the immune system?

Answer 1

Question 2

What are synthetic glucocorticoids?

Answer 2

Question 3

What do we use steroid for?

Answer 3

Question 4

Where do steroids act?

Answer 4

• Prostanglandins
• Phagocytes
• Lymphocytes

Question 5

What are the steroid effects on prostaglandins?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are steroid effects on phagocytes?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are steroid effects on lymphocyte function?

Answer 7

Question 8

What are the side effects of steroids?

Answer 8

Question 9

What types of drugs are anti-proliferative agents? What is their action? How toxic are they?

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the side effects of cyclophosphamide?

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the side effects of azathioprine?

Answer 11

Question 12

What are the side effects of mycophenolate mofetil?

Answer 12

Used for azathioprine in SLE

Question 13

What is the aim of plasmapheresis and plasma exchange? What are the problems with it?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the indications of plasma exchange?

Answer 14

Question 15

What are the types of inhibitors of cell signalling?

Answer 15

• Calcineurin inhibitors
• MTOR inhibitors
• JAK inhibitors
• PDE4 inhibitors

Question 16

What is the usual process of calcineurin activation? What are examples of calnieurin inhibitors? When are they used?

Answer 16

Question 17

How do mTOR inhibitors work? Give examples. What are the used for?

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the use of JAK inhibitors? What are the used for?

Answer 18

Question 19

Describe the use of PDE4 inhibitors? Name examples. What is it used in?

Answer 19

Question 20

What are the agents directed at cell surface antigens?

Answer 20

Question 21

What are the indication for using anti-.thymocyte globulins? What are their action? How toxic are they?

Answer 21

Question 22

What are the indications for antibodies directed at CD 25 (Basiliximab)? What is their action? How toxic are they?

Answer 22

Question 23

What are the indications for using agents directed at CTLA4-Ig fusion protein (abatacept)? What is their action and toxicity?

Answer 23

Question 24

What are the indications for using agents directed at antibody specific CD20 (rituximab)? What is its action and toxicity?

Answer 24

Question 25

What are the indications for anti-alpha-4-beta-7 integrin? What is its action and how toxic is it?

Answer 25

Question 26

What are the agents directed at cytokine and their receptors?

Answer 26

Question 27

What is the significance of TNFalpha? What happens if you block TNF alpha?

Answer 27

Question 28

What are the indications for blocking TNF-alpha? What is the toxicity?

Answer 28

Question 29

What are the indications of antagonising TNF-alpha? What is the toxicity?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is the significance of the inflammasome and IL-1? What would its blockade be used for?

Answer 30

Question 31

What is IL-6’s role in Rheumatoid Arthritis? What would its blockade do?

Answer 31

Question 32

Name examples of IL-6 receptor blockers? What are the indications? What is the action and toxicity?

Answer 32

Question 33

Describe the IL-23 and IL-17 pathway?

Answer 33

Question 34

What is the use of antibodies against p19 subunits of IL23? What are the indications? What is the toxicity?

Answer 34

Question 35

What is the role of IL4, IL5 and IL13 in asthma and eczema? What would blocking them do?

Answer 35

Question 36

What is the significance of rank and rank-ligand? What would blocking it do?

Answer 36

Question 37

What are the indications for using antibodies directed at RANK ligand? What is the toxicity?

Answer 37

Question 38

What are the side effects of biologic agents?

Answer 38

Question 39

Answer 39

Prednisolone

Question 40

Answer 40

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 41

Answer 41

˜Treatment options include inhibition of TNF alpha, IL23 or IL17A or use of a PD4 blocker or ciclosporin