Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

202B > immune lecture > Flashcards

immune lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what is the immune system

A

The body’s ability to reduce disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the physical barriers of the immune system

A

skin
mucous membranes
cilia in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the chemical barriers of the immune system

A 
mucus
enzymes in tears
gastric acid secretions
GU tract
sebaceous glands
sweat glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the types of immunity

A

innate
and
aquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is innate immunity

A

the immunity we have at birth.
it is the first line and has a non specific response allowing it to act quickly to invade pathogens without prior exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the innate systems primary WBCs

A

monocytes and neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is active acquired immunity

A

immunity from a pathogen from the invasion or vaccination.
with the invasion the body builds up antibodies to that pathogen and the body response more rapidly and vigorously to fight off the invader.

antibodies are synthesized so immunity takes time but is long lasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is passive acquired immunity

A

when the host receives antibodies to an antigen rather than synthesizing them.
can occur across the placenta or through breast feeding or injection of immunoglobulins.

it has an immediate effect but is short lived because the body does not retain memoryy of the antibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the WBCs

A 
neutrophils
leukocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the central and peripheral lymphoid organs

A

central:
Thymus Gland
Bone Marrow

Perihpheral:
lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen 
gut-genital-broncial- skin associated lymphoid tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 5 classes of immunoglobulins

A

IgG-enhances phagocytosis- major role in blood borne and tissue infections-viral and bacterial
IgA-protects body surfaces
IgM-activates compliment system(viral and bacterial)
IgD-unclear role
IgE-allergic and sensitivity reactions- combats parasitic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 2 types of B cells

A

plasma cells and memory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are plasma cells

A

B cells mature into plasma cells and then they:

-produce antibodies
and stimulate phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what wbc will increase in allergic reactions

A

basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what WBC will increase in parasitic infections

A

eosionophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what will an increase in lymphocytes indicate

A

viruses, CA cells and immune reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are cytokines

A

plasma proteins

-assist with immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

primary disorder of the immune system occur when

A

occur when immune cells are absent or improperly developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is graft versus host disease

A

a primary immune disorder

the graft rejects the host
-occurs in immunodeificient pts.

20
Q

what are 2ndary immune disorders caused from

A

caused by illness or tx of illness
age
stress
malnutrition

21
Q

what immunoglobulin is involved in a hypersensitivity reaction

22
Q

what is a hypersensitivity reaction

A

abnormal exaggerated immune response

-usually not the first exposure to allergen

23
Q

what is the tx for hypersensitivity reactions

A

1- withdraw allergen
2- manage airway and breathing- o2 airway adjuncts
3- med tx- antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinepherine

24
Q

what are the 2 types of latex allergies

A

type 1- response to rubber latex proteins- occurs within minutes of contact

type IV- reaction caused by chemicals used in manufacturing process-
delayed 6-48 hrs

25
what are the sxs of reaction caused by chemicals used in manufacturing latex gloves
dryness erethema pruritus fissuring and cracking of skin
26
what are the major functions of the lymphoid system
- filtering foreign substances - circulation of lymphocytes - differentiation and maturation of lymphocytes - proteting body surfaces from invasion of pathogens
27
what can affect the immune system function
- CNS integrity-(regulates immune function) - physical/ emotional status - medications (corticosteroids) - dietary patterns - stress of illness - trauma/surgery
28
Why don't the T cells attack our cells antigens
because during maturation they recognize the self antigens and know not to attack it.
29
where are the lymphocytes formed
the originate in the bone marrow as stem cells and mature into specific cell types depending on the needs of the body. B cells- form in bone marrow and enter circulation T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus gland where they mature
30
what is self tolerance
the ability of the body to recognize self vs non self all of the body cells have antigens unique to that person- this helps the body recognize itself.
31
what are T cells responsible for
the immunity to intracellular viruses tumor cells and fungi they attack the antigen directly in the cell membrane provide long term immunity
32
what are the differentiations of T cells
- T Cytotoxic cells- alter cell membrane and cause lysis - T Helper Cells- secrete cytokines - T suppressor- prevents over reactive response - memory cells- recognize antigens from previous exposure
33
what cells does cytotoxic T cells attack
virally infected grafts transplanted organs
34
what are natural killer cells
large lymphocytes that recognize and kill virus infected cells, tumor cells and transplanted grafts
35
what is associated with cell mediated immunity
immune response that is initiated by the recognition of antigens by T CELLS - fighting pathogens, - transplant rejection - contact hypersensitivity reactions - surveillance for malignant cell changes
36
what is humoral immunity
"antibody mediated immunity" recognition of antigens by B CELLS the pathogen enters the body the macrophage phagocytes bacteria and presents antigen to B cell. when the cell comes in contact with the antigen it becomes activated and differentiates into plasma cell which then secretes immunoglobulins.
37
what is the primary response time in humoral immunity
4-8 days
38
what is the second exposure response time in humoral immunity
1-3 days
39
what are the different cytokines
interleukins- communication among immune cells interferons-anti viral and anti tumor properties tumor necrosis factor- anti tumor properties
40
what is the sequence in a type 1 allergic reaction
the allergen comes in contact with the b cell then the b cell matures to a plasma cell and synthesizes a large amount of IgE antibody the antibodies bind to mast cells when person comes in contact with that allergen again, it binds to the IgE mast cell complex which triggers the release of chemical mediators such as histamine
41
what are the hypersensitivity reactions
Type 1- Anaphylactic reaction Type II- cytotoxic reactions Type III- immune complex reaction Type IV- delayed type hypersensitivity reaction
42
what are the s/s of an anaphylactic reaction
``` urticaria (hives) erythema hypotension bronchospasm wheezing angioedema CV collapse (occurs within minutes of exposure) ```
43
what are the treatments of anaphylactic shock
withdraw the allergen manage airway and breathing med tx- antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinephrine
44
what is associated with Type II reactions
IgG or IgM antibodies bind to antigen activating compliment system cells targeted are erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes ex: Transfusion reactions,
45
what is associated with type III reactions
antigens combine with IgG and IgM | associated with auto immune diseases
46
what is associated with type IV reaction
sensitized T cells attack antigens or release cytokines the macrophages in the area and the cytokines cause the tissue damage usually takes 24-48 hours to show s/s

202B (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions