Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

202B > immune lecture > Flashcards

immune lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what is the immune system

A

The body’s ability to reduce disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the physical barriers of the immune system

A

skin
mucous membranes
cilia in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the chemical barriers of the immune system

A 
mucus
enzymes in tears
gastric acid secretions
GU tract
sebaceous glands
sweat glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the types of immunity

A

innate
and
aquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is innate immunity

A

the immunity we have at birth.
it is the first line and has a non specific response allowing it to act quickly to invade pathogens without prior exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the innate systems primary WBCs

A

monocytes and neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is active acquired immunity

A

immunity from a pathogen from the invasion or vaccination.
with the invasion the body builds up antibodies to that pathogen and the body response more rapidly and vigorously to fight off the invader.

antibodies are synthesized so immunity takes time but is long lasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is passive acquired immunity

A

when the host receives antibodies to an antigen rather than synthesizing them.
can occur across the placenta or through breast feeding or injection of immunoglobulins.

it has an immediate effect but is short lived because the body does not retain memoryy of the antibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the WBCs

A 
neutrophils
leukocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the central and peripheral lymphoid organs

A

central:
Thymus Gland
Bone Marrow

Perihpheral:
lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen 
gut-genital-broncial- skin associated lymphoid tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 5 classes of immunoglobulins

A

IgG-enhances phagocytosis- major role in blood borne and tissue infections-viral and bacterial
IgA-protects body surfaces
IgM-activates compliment system(viral and bacterial)
IgD-unclear role
IgE-allergic and sensitivity reactions- combats parasitic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 2 types of B cells

A

plasma cells and memory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are plasma cells

A

B cells mature into plasma cells and then they:

-produce antibodies
and stimulate phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what wbc will increase in allergic reactions

A

basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what WBC will increase in parasitic infections

A

eosionophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what will an increase in lymphocytes indicate

A

viruses, CA cells and immune reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are cytokines

A

plasma proteins

-assist with immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

primary disorder of the immune system occur when

A

occur when immune cells are absent or improperly developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is graft versus host disease

A

a primary immune disorder

the graft rejects the host
-occurs in immunodeificient pts.

20
Q

what are 2ndary immune disorders caused from

A

caused by illness or tx of illness
age
stress
malnutrition

21
Q

what immunoglobulin is involved in a hypersensitivity reaction

A

IgE

22
Q

what is a hypersensitivity reaction

A

abnormal exaggerated immune response

-usually not the first exposure to allergen

23
Q

what is the tx for hypersensitivity reactions

A

1- withdraw allergen
2- manage airway and breathing- o2 airway adjuncts
3- med tx- antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinepherine

24
Q

what are the 2 types of latex allergies

A

type 1- response to rubber latex proteins- occurs within minutes of contact

type IV- reaction caused by chemicals used in manufacturing process-
delayed 6-48 hrs

25
Q

what are the sxs of reaction caused by chemicals used in manufacturing latex gloves

A

dryness
erethema
pruritus
fissuring and cracking of skin

26
Q

what are the major functions of the lymphoid system

A
  • filtering foreign substances
  • circulation of lymphocytes
  • differentiation and maturation of lymphocytes
  • proteting body surfaces from invasion of pathogens
27
Q

what can affect the immune system function

A
  • CNS integrity-(regulates immune function)
  • physical/ emotional status
  • medications (corticosteroids)
  • dietary patterns
  • stress of illness
  • trauma/surgery
28
Q

Why don’t the T cells attack our cells antigens

A

because during maturation they recognize the self antigens and know not to attack it.

29
Q

where are the lymphocytes formed

A

the originate in the bone marrow as stem cells and mature into specific cell types depending on the needs of the body.

B cells- form in bone marrow and enter circulation

T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus gland where they mature

30
Q

what is self tolerance

A

the ability of the body to recognize self vs non self

all of the body cells have antigens unique to that person- this helps the body recognize itself.

31
Q

what are T cells responsible for

A

the immunity to intracellular viruses tumor cells and fungi

they attack the antigen directly in the cell membrane

provide long term immunity

32
Q

what are the differentiations of T cells

A
  • T Cytotoxic cells- alter cell membrane and cause lysis
  • T Helper Cells- secrete cytokines
  • T suppressor- prevents over reactive response
  • memory cells- recognize antigens from previous exposure
33
Q

what cells does cytotoxic T cells attack

A

virally infected
grafts
transplanted organs

34
Q

what are natural killer cells

A

large lymphocytes that recognize and kill virus infected cells, tumor cells
and transplanted grafts

35
Q

what is associated with cell mediated immunity

A

immune response that is initiated by the recognition of antigens by T CELLS

  • fighting pathogens,
  • transplant rejection
  • contact hypersensitivity reactions
  • surveillance for malignant cell changes
36
Q

what is humoral immunity

A

“antibody mediated immunity”

recognition of antigens by B CELLS

the pathogen enters the body
the macrophage phagocytes bacteria and presents antigen to B cell.
when the cell comes in contact with the antigen it becomes activated and differentiates into plasma cell which then secretes immunoglobulins.

37
Q

what is the primary response time in humoral immunity

A

4-8 days

38
Q

what is the second exposure response time in humoral immunity

A

1-3 days

39
Q

what are the different cytokines

A

interleukins- communication among immune cells

interferons-anti viral and anti tumor properties

tumor necrosis factor- anti tumor properties

40
Q

what is the sequence in a type 1 allergic reaction

A

the allergen comes in contact with the b cell
then the b cell matures to a plasma cell and synthesizes a large amount of IgE antibody

the antibodies bind to mast cells

when person comes in contact with that allergen again, it binds to the IgE mast cell complex which triggers the release of chemical mediators such as histamine

41
Q

what are the hypersensitivity reactions

A

Type 1- Anaphylactic reaction
Type II- cytotoxic reactions
Type III- immune complex reaction
Type IV- delayed type hypersensitivity reaction

42
Q

what are the s/s of an anaphylactic reaction

A 
urticaria (hives)
erythema
hypotension
bronchospasm
wheezing
angioedema
CV collapse 
(occurs within minutes of exposure)
43
Q

what are the treatments of anaphylactic shock

A

withdraw the allergen
manage airway and breathing
med tx- antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinephrine

44
Q

what is associated with Type II reactions

A

IgG or IgM antibodies bind to antigen activating compliment system

cells targeted are erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes

ex: Transfusion reactions,

45
Q

what is associated with type III reactions

A

antigens combine with IgG and IgM

associated with auto immune diseases

46
Q

what is associated with type IV reaction

A

sensitized T cells attack antigens or release cytokines
the macrophages in the area and the cytokines cause the tissue damage
usually takes 24-48 hours to show s/s

202B (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions