Immune & Infections

Question 1

What are the clinical manifestations of MRSA?

Answer 1

occurs anywhere on the body
- common the legs, groin, back of neck
appears as a bump or infected area that is red, swollen, painful, warm to touch or full of pus

Question 2

What are the nursing actions for MRSA?

Answer 2

apply warm moist compress
clean skin often
topical antibiotic meds
systemic antibiotics for severe cases

Question 3

What are the transmission precautions for MRSA?

Answer 3

contact precautions
spread via direct contact

Question 4

What are the clinical manifestations of varicella (chickenpox)?

Answer 4

Rash
- macules start in the center of the trunk, spreading to the face and proximal extremities
scabs appears in approx 1 week
once they are scabs they are not contagious

Question 5

What are the transmission precautions for varicella?

Answer 5

airborne/contact

Question 6

What are the manifestations of measles (rubeola)?

Answer 6

Koplik spots
- tiny white spots in the mouth
- appear 2 days before the rash
red or reddish-brown rash beginning on the face spreading downward

Question 7

What are the transmission precautions for measles?

Answer 7

droplet

Question 8

What are the manifestations of mononucleosis?

Answer 8

fever
lethargy
sore throat
swollen lymph nodes
loss of appetite
HA
inc WBCs
splenomegaly
hepatic involvement
more common in adolescents
spreads via saliva

Question 9

What are the nursing interventions for mononucleosis?

Answer 9

don’t want them doing contact sports because of the splenomegaly

Question 10

What transmission precautions for mono?

Answer 10

standard precautions

Question 11

What are the manifestations of fifths disease (erythema infectiosum)?

Answer 11

red rash on the face (slapped cheek)
lace-like rash on extremities
- maculopapular red spots symmetrically distributed on upper & lower extremities progressing proximally to distal surfaces

Question 12

What are the transmission precautions for fifths disease?

Answer 12

droplet

Question 13

What are the nursing interventions for all communicable diseases?

Answer 13

antipyretic for fever (NO aspirin)
antipruritic for severe itching
analgesics
fluids & nutritious foods
dim lights (NO sun)
calamine lotion
keep skin clear and dry
keep child cool
nails clean and short
hand hygiene
wash linens daily in mild detergent

Question 14

What are the priority interventions for otitis media?

Answer 14

comfort measures: analgesics, diversional activities
child in upright position
manage fever

Question 15

If the pt is younger than 3, how do you admin ear infection meds?

Answer 15

pull pinna DOWN & back

Question 16

If the pt is older than 3, how do you admin ear infection meds?

Answer 16

pull pinna UP & back

Question 17

How should you admin medications for otitis media?

Answer 17

warm the fluid and massage the outer area for a few minutes

Question 18

What are the risk factors for HIV/AIDS in children?

Answer 18

mother to fetus during vaginal birth or breast feeding
sexual abuse
unprotected sex
IV substance use
STIs

Question 19

What is the priority education points for patients with HIV/AIDS?

Answer 19

need meds lifelong
when to notify the provider
how it is transmitted
identify stressors affecting the family and make referrals

Question 20

When should the provider be notified for a pt w/ HIV/AIDS?

Answer 20

HA
fever
lethargy
warmth
tenderness
redness at joints
stiff neck

Question 21

When is Hep B given?

Answer 21

birth
1-2 months
6-18 months

Question 22

When is rotavirus given?

Answer 22

2, 4, & 6 months

Question 23

When is DTaP given?

Answer 23

2, 4, & 6 months

Question 24

When is Hib given?

Answer 24

2, 4, 6 months

Question 25

when is Pneumococcal conjugate given?

Answer 25

2, 4, & 6-18 months

Question 26

when is inactivated poliovirus given?

Answer 26

6-18 months

Question 27

When is inactivated flu given?

Answer 27

minimum age is 6 months

Question 28

What vaccines are given in preschool?

Answer 28

DTaP
MMR
Varicella
Inactivated polio
Influenza vaccine