Immune & Infections Flashcards
What are the clinical manifestations of MRSA?
occurs anywhere on the body
- common the legs, groin, back of neck
appears as a bump or infected area that is red, swollen, painful, warm to touch or full of pus
What are the nursing actions for MRSA?
apply warm moist compress
clean skin often
topical antibiotic meds
systemic antibiotics for severe cases
What are the transmission precautions for MRSA?
contact precautions
spread via direct contact
What are the clinical manifestations of varicella (chickenpox)?
Rash
- macules start in the center of the trunk, spreading to the face and proximal extremities
scabs appears in approx 1 week
once they are scabs they are not contagious
What are the transmission precautions for varicella?
airborne/contact
What are the manifestations of measles (rubeola)?
Koplik spots
- tiny white spots in the mouth
- appear 2 days before the rash
red or reddish-brown rash beginning on the face spreading downward
What are the transmission precautions for measles?
droplet
What are the manifestations of mononucleosis?
fever
lethargy
sore throat
swollen lymph nodes
loss of appetite
HA
inc WBCs
splenomegaly
hepatic involvement
more common in adolescents
spreads via saliva
What are the nursing interventions for mononucleosis?
don’t want them doing contact sports because of the splenomegaly
What transmission precautions for mono?
standard precautions
What are the manifestations of fifths disease (erythema infectiosum)?
red rash on the face (slapped cheek)
lace-like rash on extremities
- maculopapular red spots symmetrically distributed on upper & lower extremities progressing proximally to distal surfaces
What are the transmission precautions for fifths disease?
droplet
What are the nursing interventions for all communicable diseases?
antipyretic for fever (NO aspirin)
antipruritic for severe itching
analgesics
fluids & nutritious foods
dim lights (NO sun)
calamine lotion
keep skin clear and dry
keep child cool
nails clean and short
hand hygiene
wash linens daily in mild detergent
What are the priority interventions for otitis media?
comfort measures: analgesics, diversional activities
child in upright position
manage fever
If the pt is younger than 3, how do you admin ear infection meds?
pull pinna DOWN & back
If the pt is older than 3, how do you admin ear infection meds?
pull pinna UP & back
How should you admin medications for otitis media?
warm the fluid and massage the outer area for a few minutes
What are the risk factors for HIV/AIDS in children?
mother to fetus during vaginal birth or breast feeding
sexual abuse
unprotected sex
IV substance use
STIs
What is the priority education points for patients with HIV/AIDS?
need meds lifelong
when to notify the provider
how it is transmitted
identify stressors affecting the family and make referrals
When should the provider be notified for a pt w/ HIV/AIDS?
HA
fever
lethargy
warmth
tenderness
redness at joints
stiff neck
When is Hep B given?
birth
1-2 months
6-18 months
When is rotavirus given?
2, 4, & 6 months
When is DTaP given?
2, 4, & 6 months
When is Hib given?
2, 4, 6 months
when is Pneumococcal conjugate given?
2, 4, & 6-18 months
when is inactivated poliovirus given?
6-18 months
When is inactivated flu given?
minimum age is 6 months
What vaccines are given in preschool?
DTaP
MMR
Varicella
Inactivated polio
Influenza vaccine
