Immune Evasion and Subversion

Question 1

Concerning host-pathogen interactions:
A. They represent a static relationship between species;
B. They involve evolutionary pressures on both organisms;
C. Pathogens evolve more rapidly than host immune systems;
D. Vertebrate hosts lack specific adaptations to counter pathogens;
E. They have no impact on human disease treatment strategies.

Question 2

The following mechanisms are employed by viruses to evade host immunity:
A. Antigenic variation;
B. Inhibition of complement activation;
C. Molecular mimicry;
D. Interfering with MHC class I presentation;
E. Biofilm formation.

Question 3

Concerning bacterial immune evasion strategies:
A. Capsules prevent recognition by phagocytes;
B. Protein A secreted by Staphylococcus aureus binds to the Fc region of antibodies;
C. Bacteria cannot modify their surface antigens;
D. Biofilms play no role in immune evasion;
E. Bacteria cannot inactivate antimicrobial peptides.