Immune Cells & Tissues: Part One Flashcards
hematopoiesis
the formation and development of the cellular components of blood
which cell creates all blood cells
Hemopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)
prenatal hemopoiesis locations
- yolk sac
- liver
- spleen
- bone marrow
postnatal hemopoiesis locations
mostly bone marrow
what controls hemopoiesis
cytokines and growth factors
HSC divides into what
- HSC
- myeloid progenitor cell
- lymphoid progenitor cell
myeloid progenitor cells makes mostly what
innate immune cells
lymphoid progenitor cells make mostly what
adaptive immune cells
myeloid progenitor cells make what types of cells
- dendritic
- macrophage
- neutrophil
- eosinophil
- basophil
- mast cell
- platelets
- RBCs
lymphoid progenitor cells make what types of cells
- dendritic
- NK cells
- helper T
- cytotoxic T
- B cells
surface proteins are often referred to as what
Cluster of Differentiation (CD)
granulocytes
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
what’s the most abundant WBC
neutrophils
neutrophil characteristics
- polymorphonuclear
- phagocytic (small stuff only)
- short lived
- first on scene of inflammation
- have primary and secondary granules
- contain degradative enzymes and antimicrobial substances
which WBC is first on scene to inflammation
neutrophil
what do granules do
contain degradative enzymes and antimicrobial substances
eosinophil characteristics
- defend against larger parasites
- release cytoplasmic granules when activated
basophil characteristics
- least abundant WBC
- defend against parasites
- cytoplasmic granules
- responsible for allergies
mast cell characteristics
- found in skin, connective tissue, mucosal epithelial tissue
- undifferentiated in the blood, differentiate in the tissue
- large amount of cytoplasmic granules containing histamines and proteases
- protect internal surfaces, especially against parasitic worms
- responsible for allergies
which WBCs cause allergies
- basophils
- mast cells
mononuclear cells
- monocyte
- macrophage
monocyte
- found in blood but migrate into tissues
- differentiate in the tissue
- phagocytic
which cells are phagocytic
- neutrophil
- monocyte
- macrophage
macrophage
- in almost all tissues
- long lived
- subtypes on location
- alveolar
- Kupffer (liver)
- osteoclasts
- phagocytic
- antigen processing and presentation to T cells
- clean up dead cells and debris
- orchestrate immune response
- produce inflammatory mediators that activate and recruit other immune cells
which cells do antigen processing and presentation
- macrophages
- dendritic cells (most)
dendritic cells
- found under skin and mucosa, also in tissues
- named for long, membranous projections
- phagocytosis and pinocytosis
- surveillance
- antigen processing and presentation
- most potent antigen presenting cell
- connects innate and adaptive immunity
how do dendritic cells process and present an antigen
immature dendritic cells capture an antigen, migrate out of the tissue, then present it to a T cell
why are macrophages and dendritic cells so important
they connect the innate and adaptive immune systems via antigen presentation
B cells
- arise and mature in the bone marrow
- found in blood, lymph, and secondary lymphoid tissue
- upon antigen recognition, they differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies and memory cells
T cells
- arise in bone marrow
- mature in thymus gland
- found in blood, lymph, and secondary lymphoid tissues
- two types
- helper T
- cytotoxic T
helper T cell
- express TCR and CD4
- upon antigen and MHCII recognition, helper T activates, proliferates, and secretes cytokines
- two types based on what cytokine secreted
- helper T 1
- helper T 2
cytotoxic T cell
- express TCR and CD8
- upon antigen and MHCI recognition, cytotoxic T cells activate, proliferate, and directly lyse the target cell
natural killer cells
- large, granular, not antigen specific
- found in blood but do enter tissue
- innate immunity
- cytotoxic against tumor cells and virally infected cells even though they lack an antigen specific receptor
