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Immunology & Pathogenesis > Immune Cells & Tissues: Part One > Flashcards

Immune Cells & Tissues: Part One Flashcards

1
Q

hematopoiesis

A

the formation and development of the cellular components of blood

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2
Q

which cell creates all blood cells

A

Hemopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)

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3
Q

prenatal hemopoiesis locations

A
  • yolk sac
  • liver
  • spleen
  • bone marrow
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4
Q

postnatal hemopoiesis locations

A

mostly bone marrow

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5
Q

what controls hemopoiesis

A

cytokines and growth factors

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6
Q

HSC divides into what

A
  • HSC
  • myeloid progenitor cell
  • lymphoid progenitor cell
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7
Q

myeloid progenitor cells makes mostly what

A

innate immune cells

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8
Q

lymphoid progenitor cells make mostly what

A

adaptive immune cells

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9
Q

myeloid progenitor cells make what types of cells

A
  • dendritic
  • macrophage
  • neutrophil
  • eosinophil
  • basophil
  • mast cell
  • platelets
  • RBCs
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10
Q

lymphoid progenitor cells make what types of cells

A
  • dendritic
  • NK cells
  • helper T
  • cytotoxic T
  • B cells
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11
Q

surface proteins are often referred to as what

A

Cluster of Differentiation (CD)

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12
Q

granulocytes

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
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13
Q

what’s the most abundant WBC

A

neutrophils

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14
Q

neutrophil characteristics

A
  • polymorphonuclear
  • phagocytic (small stuff only)
  • short lived
  • first on scene of inflammation
  • have primary and secondary granules
    • contain degradative enzymes and antimicrobial substances
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15
Q

which WBC is first on scene to inflammation

A

neutrophil

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16
Q

what do granules do

A

contain degradative enzymes and antimicrobial substances

17
Q

eosinophil characteristics

A
  • defend against larger parasites
  • release cytoplasmic granules when activated
18
Q

basophil characteristics

A
  • least abundant WBC
  • defend against parasites
  • cytoplasmic granules
  • responsible for allergies
19
Q

mast cell characteristics

A
  • found in skin, connective tissue, mucosal epithelial tissue
  • undifferentiated in the blood, differentiate in the tissue
  • large amount of cytoplasmic granules containing histamines and proteases
  • protect internal surfaces, especially against parasitic worms
  • responsible for allergies
20
Q

which WBCs cause allergies

A
  • basophils
  • mast cells
21
Q

mononuclear cells

A
  • monocyte
  • macrophage
22
Q

monocyte

A
  • found in blood but migrate into tissues
  • differentiate in the tissue
  • phagocytic
23
Q

which cells are phagocytic

A
  • neutrophil
  • monocyte
  • macrophage
24
Q

macrophage

A
  • in almost all tissues
  • long lived
  • subtypes on location
    • alveolar
    • Kupffer (liver)
    • osteoclasts
  • phagocytic
  • antigen processing and presentation to T cells
  • clean up dead cells and debris
  • orchestrate immune response
    • produce inflammatory mediators that activate and recruit other immune cells
25
Q

which cells do antigen processing and presentation

A
  • macrophages
  • dendritic cells (most)
26
Q

dendritic cells

A
  • found under skin and mucosa, also in tissues
  • named for long, membranous projections
  • phagocytosis and pinocytosis
    • surveillance
  • antigen processing and presentation
    • most potent antigen presenting cell
    • connects innate and adaptive immunity
27
Q

how do dendritic cells process and present an antigen

A

immature dendritic cells capture an antigen, migrate out of the tissue, then present it to a T cell

28
Q

why are macrophages and dendritic cells so important

A

they connect the innate and adaptive immune systems via antigen presentation

29
Q

B cells

A
  • arise and mature in the bone marrow
  • found in blood, lymph, and secondary lymphoid tissue
  • upon antigen recognition, they differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies and memory cells
30
Q

T cells

A
  • arise in bone marrow
  • mature in thymus gland
  • found in blood, lymph, and secondary lymphoid tissues
  • two types
    • helper T
    • cytotoxic T
31
Q

helper T cell

A
  • express TCR and CD4
  • upon antigen and MHCII recognition, helper T activates, proliferates, and secretes cytokines
  • two types based on what cytokine secreted
    • helper T 1
    • helper T 2
32
Q

cytotoxic T cell

A
  • express TCR and CD8
  • upon antigen and MHCI recognition, cytotoxic T cells activate, proliferate, and directly lyse the target cell
33
Q

natural killer cells

A
  • large, granular, not antigen specific
  • found in blood but do enter tissue
  • innate immunity
  • cytotoxic against tumor cells and virally infected cells even though they lack an antigen specific receptor

Immunology & Pathogenesis (13 decks)

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