Immune Basics

Question 0

Immunology

Answer 0

The study of the body distinguishing between self and no self

Question 1

Immunocompetence

Answer 1

When the immune system responds appropriately to foreign stimuli

Question 2

Immunoincompitance

Answer 2

When the immune system reacts too much or too little which disrupts homeostasis and allows diseases to develop

Question 3

Autoimmune disorder

Answer 3

The inability of the body to recognize self so it attacks own body
MS, RA, lupus, myasthenia gravis

Question 4

Immunodeficiency

Answer 4

Inability of immune system to protect self like aids -acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Leukemia

Question 5

2 subcategories of immunity

Answer 5

Innate/natural
Or
Adaptive/acquired

Question 6

Innate/natural immunity

Answer 6

First line of defense that provides physical and chemical barrier. Non-specific immunity.
Skin, sebaceous glands,mucous membranes, cilia, stomach acid, tears, saIiva secretions and Flora of intestine and vagina
Include Phagocytes, natural killer cells, complement system, fever, interferons.

Question 7

Adaptive or acquired immunity

Answer 7

2nd line of defense and is specific to foreign pathogens. Uses humoral and cell mediated immunity.

Question 8

Humoral immunity

Answer 8

Mediated by B cell’s and their production of antibodies. B memory cells allow faster response to previous exposure of bacteria.

Question 9

Active immunity

Answer 9

By vaccine

Question 10

Passive immunity

Answer 10

Temporary immunity from a specific disease like when a mother gets sick and passes antibodies to baby through breast milk

Question 11

Cell mediated immunity

Answer 11

T cells are activated by an antigen. They are released into the blood and body system and attach to antigen they were sensitive to and kill it

Question 12

Immunotherapy

Answer 12

Similar to allergy shots where the body builds a tolerance to the allergen

Question 13

T helper (CD4) and T suppressor (CD8)

Answer 13

Helps determine strength or immune response. A ratio of 2:1 that if disrupted causes autoimmune disease or immunodeficiency disease

Question 14

Origin of B &T cells

Answer 14

Both originate in red bone marrow. B cells are processed in red bone marrow while T cells are processed in thymus.

Question 15

Attenuated vaccine

Answer 15

It is a live virus but weakened so you don’t get sick

Measles mumps rubella

Question 16

Toxoid vaccine

Answer 16

Is bacterial toxins that are modified to prevent disease

Diphtheria & tetanus

Question 17

Histamine

Answer 17

Causes vessels to be leaky at a site of infection so phagocytes and complement proteins can enter area of inflammation and neutralize foreign debris. Too much histamine=anaphylaxis

Question 18

Anaphylaxis

Answer 18

Hypersensitive reaction. If pt is itchy, sweaty, can’t breathe it is bad. Bp decreases and that is really bad.

Bp decrease is caused by severe vasodilation as a consequence of release of certain chemical mediators from the mass cells. This vasodilation causes increase and capillary permeability which causes fluid to seep from vascular space into the interstitial space.

Question 19

Inactivated vaccine

Answer 19

Vaccine that is in activated or killed

Influenza and hepatitis A

Question 20

Recombinant technology vaccine

Answer 20

A vaccine modified in a lab using partial organisms or bacterial proteins

Question 21

Interferon

Answer 21

Are cytokines secreted by lymphocytes and macrophages that have been infected with the virus. They slow the spread of viral infections and hands the activity of existing Leukocytes.

Question 22

Interleukins

Answer 22

Are another class of cytokines secreted by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. They boost the activity of natural defense mechanisms.

Question 23

Transplant rejection

Answer 23

Caused by a hypersensitivity reaction. In order for the body to not attack The foreign Organ immunosuppressants are required.
Some of these immunosuppressive drugs are corticosteroids, cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) and azathioprine (imuran)

Question 24

Mutations

Answer 24

Are in our body all the time but our immune system gets rid of them when it is immunocompetent. If the system is Immunoincompitance and the mutation can turn into cancer.

Question 25

Nosocomial infections

Answer 25

Infections acquired in the hospital

Question 26

Inflammation

Answer 26

Symptoms include: swelling, pain, redness, heat

Question 27

Primary immunodeficiency disorders

Answer 27

They are primary at the immune cells are in improperly developed or absent. These can include phagocytic defects, b cell deficiency, T cell deficiency, A combined B cell and T cell deficiency.

Question 28

Secondary immunodeficiency disorder

Answer 28

secondary disorders are more common and may be less severe and are usually caused by illness or treatment. Drug induced immunosuppression is the most common type of secondary immunodeficiency deficiency disorder. Other types can be stress, malnutrition, radiation, surgical removal of lymph nodes, sinus, or spleen.