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immunology test 1 b and T cell > immune > Flashcards

immune Flashcards

1
Q

DR, DP, DQ

A

MHC II

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2
Q

T cell require (2) things for activation

A
  1. Antigen presentation

2. Co-stimulation

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3
Q

Alpha chain associated with B2 macro globulin

A

MHC-II

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4
Q

Made of alpha and beta chains

A

MHC-II

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5
Q

MISFOLDED PROTEIN

A

MHC-I

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6
Q

Cross presentation

A

Taking outside , but showing them as if they were inside . Needed to activate CD8

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7
Q

Activates a CD4+ T-cell

A

CD40 (DC)

CD40-L (T-cell)

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8
Q

Promotes interactions with stromal cells for development of thymocytes.

A

SCF and IL-7

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9
Q

TCR must (2)

A
  1. Interact w/ MHC

2. Not interact w/host epitope

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10
Q

Committed marker of double negative T-cell precursor

A

CD2

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11
Q

Once the beta portion of a T-cell is made, the T cell is

A

Double positive

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12
Q

Three things that dominate the double positive state

A
  1. Thymocyte has a functional beta chain
  2. Thomcyte expresses both CD8 and CD4
  3. Signals for rearrangement of alpha. If it cant, it will die or make delta gamma.
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13
Q

Pos selection

A

Does the T cell interact with host MHC.

If no. .. dead

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14
Q

Neg selection

A

Does the TCR recognize the epitope in the MHC molecule. The only epitope presented in the thymus are our own proteins. SO if it does recognize it, it will die.

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15
Q

T cell dies if

A

It has a strong aff for host MHC

Responds to host peptides

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16
Q

Naive T cells become activated in

A

Secondary lymphoid tissue

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17
Q

CD4 and CD8 help

A

interact with MHC for stabilization

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18
Q

CD3 complex and Zeta chains

A

signal

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19
Q

Three steps needed for T-cell activation

A
  1. See the epitope in the MHC
  2. Costimulation
  3. Proliferation (IL-2)
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20
Q

Requires for costimulation of T cells

A

CD28 on T cell bonds with CD80/86 (B7) on APC. If this does not happen, then T cell will become anergia or die.

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21
Q

Negative costimulatory molecules

A

CTLA-1 and PD-1

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22
Q

Moderate aff IL-2 receptor

A

beta , gamma

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23
Q

High aff IL-2

A

beta , gamma, alpha

-once CD28 interacts with CD80/86, then alpha comes in and in part of IL-2. =CD25 ,= clonal expansion.

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24
Q

Activation of CD8 T cells

A
  1. Naive cell interacts with DC in secondary lymphoid tissue , this requires Th cell help.
  2. At infected site, activated CTL recognizes a target cell displaying the correct MHC, peptide-J
  3. CTL is primed, by APC by CD28 and the epitope.

Prime in secondary tissue
Kill in the infected site

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25
Q

Expresses FOXP3

A

IL-10 and TGFB

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26
Q

Influcences IL-17

A

IL-23

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27
Q

Induces eiosinphil or Th2 activation

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

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28
Q

Activates B cell and macrophages

A

CD40-L (on T cells)

CD40 on (B cells _

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29
Q

Alpha chain of IL-2 receptor

A

CD4/CD25

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30
Q

Induces germinal center formation of B-cells

A

IL-21 and IL-6

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31
Q

Memory T cells have no

A

CD28

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32
Q

Mast cells activated by

A

TLRs

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33
Q

Binding of TLR induces

A

NFKB

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34
Q

Form multi-metic complex , (1)

Cleaves to produce (2)

A
  1. NLRs

2. IL-1 and IL-18

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35
Q

Fever

A

IL-1 , IL-6, TNF

36
Q

Induces pyroptosis

A

NLRs

37
Q

Intiated when apoptosis is blocked

A

Necroptosis

38
Q

IL-6 induces CRP to bind with

A

phosphocholine and acts as opsonin

39
Q

INF alpha and beta binds to cytokine receptor to activate

A

JAK STAT

40
Q

NK and macrophage for complex .. then 1. ..activates

A
  1. IL-12 and IL-15
41
Q

NK cells turn into effector cells and secrete

A

IFN gamma

42
Q

These bind to cytosolic viral dsRNA and activatates NFKB

A

RLRs

43
Q

Activates the IRF to produce type 1 IFN

A

RLRs

44
Q

TLR3 deficiency

A

impaired signaling through TLRs and IL-1R
**decrease in Type 1 IFN production .

Presents with HSV-1 encephalitis

45
Q

C1 deficiency

A

inefficney clearing of antigen antibody complex

46
Q

CGD

A

NADPH defect

47
Q

CHS

A

lysosomal trafficking disorder

48
Q

Low H or I =

A

low C3

49
Q

Has an aa that makes direct contact with the epitope

A

Hypervariable region

50
Q

BCR requires membrane bound antibody and. . .

A

Association of IgB and IgA

51
Q

Does not have a switch region

A

IgD

52
Q

To get a diff Antibody class, you must

A

Cut the DNA

53
Q

B cell make an RNA t script that has

A

Mu and Delta

54
Q

DNA splicing gives you

A

VDJ diversity

55
Q

Mature B cel must have

A

LC, HC and IgM

56
Q

We cut/splice D and J to bring in a V which gives IgM . This occurs in

A

Pro stage

57
Q

Marker to identify the B precursor is ready to go through developmental stages

A

CD-19

58
Q

For pro B to become pre B , the . . .

A

HC has to be able to pair with surrogate LC (V-pre B and lambda 5)

59
Q

“Functional B cell”

A

good structure

good surrogate
can interact with signaling molecules

60
Q

Allelic exclusion takes place in the

A

Pre-B cell stage

61
Q

As long as the LC segments have 1., they can keep splicing .

A

V and D

62
Q

What is central tolerance

A

deletion of auto reactive B cells in BM

63
Q

Follicular B cells give

A

high aff AB that is a class other than IgM

64
Q

B-1 gives

A

low aff , but rapidly active IgM

65
Q

MZ B cells

A

move to marginal zone of spleen. TO produce low aff AB and can differentiate into plasma cells.

66
Q

Transitional B cells

A

Express IgD

67
Q

RAG mutation

A

Wont go from pro to pre. cant make proteins , because it cant make a HC

Results in SCIDs due to inability of B and T to pass developmental checkpoints.

68
Q

Gamma common chain mutation

A

low T and low B

Associated with SCF and IL-7 which signal by gamma

69
Q

XLA

A

Mutation in BTK. Producing mutated BTK enzyme.

Impairs pre- BCR signaling.

No B cells and low or absent immunoglobulin

70
Q

BTK is necessary to to signal from

A

IgA and IgB

71
Q

Associated with B cell activation

A

CR2, CD19, CD81

72
Q

Cross links several BCRs , can also bind PRR (like TLRs) plus a BCR antigen . Antigen specificity is low

A

TI ( low aff IgM is produced )

73
Q

Requires MHCII, high aff IgM. Antigen has to be a protein

A

TD

74
Q

TI-1

A

cross link BCR, but also binds to TLR (low aff IgM)

75
Q

TI-2

A

cross linking multiple BCRs, produces activation , extensive cross linking.

76
Q

TD-B cell activation leads to

A

germinal center formation

77
Q

TD-B cell activation steps

A
  1. SHM
  2. Aff maturation
  3. Isotype switching
78
Q

SHM, mutation occurs in

A

VDJ of LC , point mutations

79
Q

Aff maturation in TD-B cell development requires

A

Follicular dendritic cells (fly traps)

80
Q

These can bypass germinal center and make IgG

A

TLRs

81
Q

Classs switching requires

A
  1. Switch regions
  2. Enzyme (Activation induces cytidine deaminase) aka, ,,AID-causes looping of DNA .. only ssDNA regions that are undergoing transcription
82
Q

CD40-L deficiency

A

hyper IgM syndrome -increase infection .. also patients will have lots of macrophage activation

83
Q

These Ig have J chains

A

IgM and IgA

84
Q

Poly Ig receptor

A

binds to J chains and moves IgA

85
Q

Placental

A

IgG

86
Q

Agglutinating

A

IgM>IgA

immunology test 1 b and T cell (2 decks)

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