IMMS Revision PTS Flashcards
What does the Intermembranous space store to maintain an electrochemical gradient in a mitochondria?
H+ ions
What are the ezymes in the matrix of the mitochondria for?
Krebs cycle
Functions of the plasma membrane (4)
Physical barrier
Endo/Exocytosis
Cell signalling
Control of passage for various molecules
Two types of proteins in the plasma membrane
Peripheral (outside)
Integral (In the membrane)
3 main types of signalling in Homeostasis
Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocirine
What is Auocrine signalling
Messenger molecules bind with receptors where the cell where they were produced
What is positive feedback
Output of a system amplifies the signal of the input
Three main types of hormone
Peptide
Steroid
Amino-acid derivative
Examples of Peptide hormone(4)
Insulin, Growth hormone, TSH and ADH
What are steroid hormones made out of
Cholesterol (Water insoluble and lipid insoluble)
Are steroid hormones stored?
No diffuse out of cell when made
Osmolarity definition
Concentration of solutes in plasma per kg of solution
Osmolality definition
Concentration of solutes per kg of solvent
Oncotic pressure definition
Form of osmotic pressure exerted by a protein
Total volume of water
42L
ECF and ICF volumes?
14L (ECF)and 28L (ICF)
Intravascular fluid amount in ECF (Plasma)
3L
Extravascular fluid volume
11L
What is released from the kidneys when there is low BP
Renin
What does the release of Renin trigger, from where? What does it do
Aldosterone
Adrenal gland
Allows sodium to move into the blood
Where is ADH released from
Posterior pituitary gland
Energy in Carbohydrates and Protein
4Kcal/g
Alcohol amount of energy
7kcal/g
Lipid amount of energy
9Kcal/g
BMR meaning and value
Basal Metabolic rater
1kcal/kg body mass/hr
Where does Glycolysis occur
Cytosol
Rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase-1
ATP, NADH, FADH2 and CO2 productions in krebs cycle (one cycle)
1 ATP
3 NADH
1 FADH2
2 CO2
What is Beta Oxidation
Fatty acid oxidation
What are fatty acids converted into at the start to begin beta oxidation
Acyl CoA
Where does Ketogenesis occur
In the liver
5 molecules in the preparative stage of glyoclysis
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1.6-biphosphate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
5 molecules of the ATP generating phase of glycolysis (after glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
1,3-Biphosphoglycerate
3-Posphoglycerate
2-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Pyruvate
