IMMS Extra Flashcards

1
Q

Types of membrane carrier proteins

A

Uniport
Symport
Antiport

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2
Q

Example of a carrier protein (passive transport)

A

GLUT-4, uptake of glucose into cells via facilitated diffusion. Expression of GLIT-4 upregulated by insulin

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3
Q

Example of carrier protein (passive transport) in disease

A

GLUT-1- present in many cells including brain: transports glucose across blood-brain barrier.
GLUT- deficiency syndrome, mutations in GLUT-1 gene. less functional GLUT-1-less glucose to brain.
Symptoms- seizures, developmental delay

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4
Q

Example of disease in primary active transport protein

A

ATP7B Ca2+ channel in liver, transports excess copper into bile.
Wilson’s disease:
-mutation in ATP7B gene
-Deposition of copper in liver and other tissues etc

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5
Q

Example of disease in secondary active transport

A

SGLT-1: Transports glucose (or galactose) into cells using Na+ ions.
Mutation in SGLT-1 :
Glucose-galactose malabsorption

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6
Q

Peptide vs steroid hormones

A

Peptide stores in cells and released when needed. Receptor on extracellular surface of cells, can freely move through blood.

Steroid, produced from cholesterol, require carrier proteins to move through blood. Intracellular receptor

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7
Q

Types of cel receptors

A
  • Ligand gated ion channels (e.g cholinergic receptors)
  • GPCR (e.g alpha/beta adtenergic receptors)
  • Enzyme linked receptors (e.g insulin receptor)
  • intracellular receptors (e.g steroid receptor)
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8
Q

GPRCR in disease

A

Cholera toxin
In intestinal cells, modifies alpha subunit of G protein. Over active G alpha over activates adenylate Cyclase- overproduction of cAMP- stimulation of several transporter proteins- massive secretion of ions and water into gut lumen- dehydration, diarrhoea

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9
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Mutation in CFTR chloride ion channel:

-sticky, viscous mucous due to abnormal CFTR

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10
Q

Drugs that target mem proteins

A

Cardiac glycosides:
Act on Na/K pump in cardiac muscle cells

Proton pump inhibitors:
Act in H/K ATPase in gastric parietal cells

Loop and thiazide diuretics

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11
Q

Types of endocytosis

A
  • phagocytosis
  • pinocytosis (non-specific small molecules)
  • receptor mediated endocytosis (specific)
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12
Q

Example of a fatty acid

A

Linoleic acid (18 carbons)

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13
Q

Oedema and types of Oedema

A

Excess water in interstitial space

Inflammatory
Venous
Lymphatic
Hypoalbuminaemic

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14
Q

Serous effusion

A

Excess water in a body cavity - e.g Pleural effusion

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15
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Excess fluid in pleural space (normally contains ~10ml)

Transudate-fluid moves into pleural cavity through intact blood vessel, typically due to low plasma content which causes low oncotic pressure

Exudate- Fluid moves into pleural cavity through ‘leaky vessels’ typically as a result of inflammation/infection

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16
Q

Tight junction-seal epithelial cells
Adherens junction- join actin bundles between neighbouring cells
Desmosomes- joint intermediate filaments between neighbouring cells
Hemidesmosomes-Anchor intermediate filaments to basal Lamina (part of BM)
Gap junctions- Allow small molecules and electival signals through

A

A