IMMS Flashcards
Cranial Nerve 1: Name? Function? Where does it arise from in the brain? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
Olfactory nerve
Function: smell
Where does it arise from in the brain: cerebrum
Skull foramen: cribiform plate in the ethmoid bone
Special Sensory
Cranial Nerve 2: Name? Function? Where does it arise from in the brain? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
Optic nerve
Function: sight
Where does it arise from in the brain: cerebrum
Skull foramen: optic canal in the sphenoid bone
Special Sensory
Cranial Nerve 3: Name? Function? Where does it arise from in the brain? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
If damaged…
Oculomotor
Function: eye movement, eyelid opening, pupil constriction, accommodation
Where does it arise from in the brain: midbrain connection to brainstem
Skull foramen: superior orbital fissure
Motor Contains parasympathetics (pupil constriction) Damage: pupil enlarged, looking down, ptosis (lid closed)
Cranial Nerve 4 Name? Function? Where does it arise from in the brain? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
Trochlear
Function: eye movement - superior oblique muscle only
Where does it arise from in the brain: midbrain connection to brainstem
Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes): Superior orbital fissure
Sensory/motor/both: motor
Cranial Nerve 5 Name? Function? Where does it arise from in the brain? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
Trigeminal
Function: motor to muscles of mastication
Splits into 3 large branches:
V1 = ophthalmic branch - sensation to anterior head and face
V2 = maxillary branch - sensation to the face (middle third - cheek, nose, upper lip, upper teeth, palate)
V3 = mandibular branch - sensation to the face (inferior third - lower lip and teeth, chin, jaw, anterior 2/3 of tongue), AND motor to the muscles of mastication and the Tensor Tympani muscle in the middle ear
Where does it arise from in the brain: pons
Skull foramen:
V1 = superior orbital fissure
V2 = foramen rotundum
V3 = foramen ovale
Both sensory and motor functions
(all general sensory, mandibular is general sensory AND motor)
Cranial Nerve 6: Name? Function? Where does it arise from in the brain? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
Abducens
Function: eye movement - abduction (lateral rectus muscle)
Where does it arise from in the brain? midbrain
Skull foramen: superior orbital fissure
Motor function
Cranial Nerve 7: Name? Function? Where does it arise from in the brain? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
Facial
Function: facial movements, salivation, lacrimation, sensation from external ear canal, taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Motor to stapedius muscle in ear canal - contracts to slow down loud noise
Where does it arise from in the brain? Pons
Skull foramen: Internal Acoustic Meatus then Stylomastoid Foramen
Sensory and motor
Cranial Nerve 8: Name? Function? Where does it arise from in the brain? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
Vestibulocochlear
Function: balance and hearing
Where does it arise from in the brain: pons
Skull foramen: internal acoustic meatus
Special sensory
Cranial Nerve 10: Name? Function? Where does it arise from in the brain? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
Vagus nerve
Function: parasympathetics to thoracic and abdominal organs, AND motor to soft palate, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
Where does it arise from in the brain: medulla
Skull foramen: Jugular Foramen
Sensory and motor functions
Has parasympathetics
Cranial Nerve 9: Name? Function? Where does it arise from in the brain? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
Glossopharyngeal
Function: taste and sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue
sensation from the pharynx
salivation - parasympathetics from the carotid vessels
AND motor to stylopharyngeus muscle in the pharynx
Where does it arise from in the brain? medulla
Skull foramen: jugular foramen
Sensory&motor
Cranial Nerve 11: Name? Function? Connection to CNS?? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
Accessory
Function: motor function to trapezius and sternocleodomastoid
Connects to CNS at C1-C5. - The accessory nerve arises from the spinal cord, travels up into the skull then out again to supply aforementioned neck and shoulder muscles.
Skull foramen: Foramen Magnum (in) and Jugular Foramen (out)
Motor function
Cranial Nerve 12: Name? Function? Where does it arise from in the brain? Skull foramen(hole in skull through which it passes)? Sensory/motor/both?
Hypoglossal
Function: tongue movements
Where does it arise from in the brain: medulla
Skull foramen: Hypoglossal Canal
Motor function
Where/how does the carotid artery enter the skull?
Via the external opening of the carotid canal, then internal.
NOT the foramen lacerum, which has spiky edges and is blocked by cartilage, despite being straight beneath the internal opening of the carotid canal.
