Immobility and Falls Flashcards
1
Q
What is sarcopenia?
A
Age related loss of muscle mass AND function
2
Q
What is the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia?
A
1 + (2 or 3)
- low muscle mass
- loss muscle strength
- low physical performance
3
Q
What is osteopenia?
A
Age related loss of bone mass, exacerbated by immobility
4
Q
Which extrinsic factors contribute towards a patient falling?
A
Medication (polypharmacy) Alcohol Environmental hazards Inappropriate footwear/clothing Inappropriate walking aids
5
Q
What should be included in the history of a falls assessment?
A
Screen for previous falls:
- have you had 2 or more falls in the last month?
- have you ever presented to hospital with a fall?
- do you have any problems with walking or balance?
Full history of fall:
- before, during + after
- impact/consequence of fall
- witness account
- accurate medication list
6
Q
Which features should be included in the examination part of a falls assessment?
A
ABCDE Assess for acute illness, head injury Hip tenderness/ROM Neurological exam Cardio: HR, rhythm, murmurs, lying + standing BP Visual acuity Gait, balance, joints Feet and footwear
7
Q
Which assessment tools might be useful in a falls assessment?
A
Timed up and go test
Berg balance scale
Tinetti score (balance)
FRAX - fracture risk assessment
8
Q
Which intervention has the most evidence for improving someones risk of falling?
A
Strength and balance training
3 times per week for minimum of 12 weeks
