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Exam - M - Geriatrics (Megan and Rachel) > Immobility and falls > Flashcards

Immobility and falls Flashcards

1
Q

what is muscle wasting of the thighs called?

A

Sarcopenia

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2
Q

what drugs can cause falls?

A

antihypertensives
sedatives
alcohol

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3
Q

which neurological conditions can cause falls?

A 
stroke
parkinsons
dementia
delirium
ataxia (seizure)
peripheral neuropathy
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4
Q

which cardiac conditions can cause falls?

A

AORTIC STENOSIS (serious)
arrhythmia
postural hypotension
heart failure

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5
Q

what other things can cause falls?

A 
Illness
Incontinence
sensory problems
arthritis
feet deformities
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6
Q

how do drugs cause falls?

A 
Increase:
urine output
sedation
hallucination
QT length (faints or seizures)
diziness

Decrease:
blood pressure
heart rate
awareness

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7
Q

what drugs cause falls?

A 
Antihypertensives 
beta blockers - reduce blood pressure and. heart rate
sedatives
anticholinergics
opioids 
alcohol
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8
Q

what part of the brain does alcohol affect?

A

Cerebellar damage - causes ataxic gate.

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9
Q

what disease causes a shuffling gait?

A

VASCULAR parkinsons

sometimes idiopathic Parkinson’s

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10
Q

which gait comes from a stroke?

A

Hemiplegic - where one of the legs doesn’t really move

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11
Q

what is the gait called when someone is in pain?

A

Arthralgic gait

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11
Q

what is the gait called when someone is in pain?

A

Arthralgic gait

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12
Q

What are the main features of seizures?

A 
Staring
incontinence
confusion
loss of memory
jerking movements 
fear, anxiety or deja vu
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13
Q

What are the main features of an extradural haematoma?

A 
Severe headache
enlarged pupil in one eye
confusion
dizziness
bleeding from ear or nose
head trauma - followed by rapid unconsciousness, return of consciousness and alertness then back to unconsciousness
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14
Q

what are the signs of a c spine injury?

A

tenderness in neck

tingling in arms

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15
Q

what are the signs of a subdural haemorrhage?

A 
Confusion - might be days after
slurred speech 
headache - keeps getting worse
confusion
nausea
personality changes
drowsy - unable to keep eyes open
16
Q

what are the signs of a fractured neck of femur?

A

Shortened, externally rotated leg.

17
Q

when should a head CT be done after a fall?

A 
seizure
anticoagulation medication
focal neurology
still confused AFTER 2 HOURS
GCS <13
basal skull fracture
vomiting
18
Q

what are the signs of a basal skull fracture?

A 
Racoon eyes - tarsal plate sparing
Battle sign (behind ear)
hearing loss
Halo sign
loss of balance

Exam - M - Geriatrics (Megan and Rachel) (9 decks)

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