Immobility

Question 1

What is the commonest type of disability in the elderly?

Answer 1

Problems with locomotion

Question 2

What is the commonest cause of disability in the elderly?

Answer 2

Musculoskeletal conditions

Question 3

What types of trauma cause functional limitations in the elderly?

Answer 3

Brain injury
Spinal cord injury
Multiple trauma
Fractures
Fall

Question 4

What illnesses cause functional limitations in the elderly?

Answer 4

Stroke
Cardiac failure
MI
Cancer
Infections (UTI, pneumonia)

Question 5

Which long term conditions cause functional limitations in the elderly?

Answer 5

COPD
Diabetes
Arthritis
Parkinson's disease
Multiple sclerosis

Question 6

What is sarcopenia?

Answer 6

Age related loss of muscle mass and function

Question 7

At what age does muscle mass start to decline?

Answer 7

30 years old

Question 8

What is sarcopenia obesity?

Answer 8

Loss of muscle mass with increased fat levels

Question 9

What are the consequences of sarcopenia?

Answer 9

Add picture

Question 10

List mechanisms of sarcopenia

Answer 10

Age-related (sex hormones, apoptosis)
Neuro-degenerative disease (motoneuron loss)
Cachexia (wasting of the body due to illness)
Starvation/Malabsorption
Disuse (immobility, physical inactivity, zero gravity)
Endocrine (corticosteroids, GH, IGF-2, thyroid, insulin resistance)

Question 11

What interventions can improve sarcopenia?

Answer 11

Exercise

Progressive resistance training and functional measures (gait speed, chair stands)

Question 12

What is the recommended weekly exercise for adults?

Answer 12

150 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity

Strength and balance work at least 2 times a week

Question 13

What are some inventions for sarcopenia?

Answer 13

Nutrition- calcium and vit D + protein supplementation
Creatinine
ACEi