Immobilised enzymes Flashcards
what are immobilised enzymes
enzymes that are attached to an insoluble material so they don’t become mixed with products.
- avoiding cost of separating
3 ways enzymes are immobilised:
1) encapsulated in jelly-like alginate beads, which can act as a semi-permeable membrane.
2) Trapped in a silica gel matrix
3) covalently bonded to cellulose or collagen fibres
3 advantages of immobilised enzymes in the industry :
1) columns of immobilised enzymes can be washed or reused, reduces cost because you don’t have to keep buying new enzymes
2) product isn’t mixed with enzymes- no time or money spent separating
3) immobilised enzymes are more stable than free enzymes, as they are less likely to denature in high temperatures or extreme pH.
3 disadvantages of immobilised enzymes in the industry
1) Extra equipment is required which can be expensive to buy
2) Immobilised enzymes are more expensive to buy than free enzymes, so not economical for use in small-scale production.
3) Immobilisation of an enzyme can sometimes lead to a reduction in enzyme activity as they can not freely mix with the substrate.
why aren’t some people able to digest lacotse
because they do not produce enough of the enzyme “lactase”
- which turns lactose into galactose and glucose
- in the industry fresh milk is passed over immobilised lactase to produce lactose free milk.
what is special about semi-synthetic penecillin:
same antibiotic properties as natural penicillin.
- but are effective against penicillin resistant organisms.
What is the enzyme used to produce semi-synthetic penicillin:
Immobilised penicillin acylase
What does the immobilised enzyme glucoamylase do?
breaks down dextrins into glucose
what converts glucose into fructose on an industrial scale?
Immobilised glucose isomerase
What does enzyme aminoacyclase do
separates L and D amino acids
What does immobilised aminoacylase do?
Used in the industrial production of pure samples of L- amino acids.
- which can be used in the production of food.
