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Key Topic 3A: The Impact Of Imperial Power On The Periphery > Immigration > Flashcards

Immigration Flashcards

1
Q

When did migration form the Caribbean especially occur?

A

1950s

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2
Q

What group particularly migrated in the 1950s?

A

Caribbeans

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3
Q

What group particularly migrated in the 1960s

A

People from Pakistan and India

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4
Q

When did immigrants from Pakistan and India arrive in Britain?

A

1960s

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5
Q

When did Asians from Kenya arrive in Britain?

A

1967

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6
Q

What happened in Kenya in 1967?

A

Kenyatta pressured Asians to leave

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7
Q

When did Kenyatta pressure Asians to leave Kenya?

A

1967

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8
Q

What was the impact of Kenyatta telling Asians to leave Kenya in 1967?

A

Increase in Asian migration in Kenya who had British passports to Britain

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9
Q

What act was passed in 1948?

A

British nationality act

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10
Q

When was the British nationality act released?

A

1948

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11
Q

What was the 1948 British nationality Act?

A

Gave full British citizenship, including the free entry into Britain, to every inhabitant of the Empire and the Commonwealth

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12
Q

What gave full British citizenship, including the free entry into Britain, to every inhabitant of the Empire and the Commonwealth?

A

1948 British nationality act

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13
Q

In what year was full British citizenship, including the free entry into Britain given to every inhabitant of the Empire and the Commonwealth?

A

1948 British nationality act

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14
Q

How many new employees did the London Transport take in 1956?

A

4,000 new employees (mostly Barbados)

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15
Q

In what firms were 4,000 people new people employed in 1956?

A

London Transport

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16
Q

In what year did London transport take on 4,000 people?

A

1956

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17
Q

Where did most of the 4,000 workers that the London Transport took on in 1956 come from?

A

Barbados

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18
Q

What arrived in 1948?

A

Steamship Empire Windrush at Tilbury in East London with 492 passengers (mostly male)

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19
Q

How many passengers were on the 1948 steamship, Empire Windrush that arrived at Tilbury, East London?

A

492 (mostly male)

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20
Q

In what year did the steamship (Empire Windrush) arrive at Tilbury, East London, with 492 passengers?

A

1948

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21
Q

What was the name of the steamship that arrived at Tilbury, East London, in 1948 with 492 passengers?

A

Empire Windrush

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22
Q

What happened to the 492 passengers when they arrived at Tilbury, East London?

A

Authorities were forced to give the immigrants temporary accommodation in Clapham. They formed the foundations for the immigrant community beside Brixton.

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23
Q

How many West Indians were there in 1958?

A

115,000

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24
Q

In what year were there 115,000 West Indians?

A

1958

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25
Q

How many West Indians were there in 1951?

A

17,500

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26
Q

In what year were there 17,500 West Indians?

A

1951

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27
Q

Of what group were the 115,000 immigrants in 1958?

A

West Indians

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28
Q

By 1959, what was the increase of West Indian per year?

A

16,000 people per year

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29
Q

In what year was the increase in West Indians 16,000 people?

A

1959

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30
Q

In 1958, how many Indians and Pakistanis were there?

A

55,000

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31
Q

In what year were there 55,000 Indians and Pakistanis?

A

1958

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32
Q

Of what group did 55,000 immigrants belong to in 1958?

A

Indians and Pakistanis

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33
Q

In 1949, how many Indians were there in Birmingham?

A

100

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34
Q

In what year were there 100 Indians in Birmingham?

A

1949

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35
Q

In 1949, in what area were there only 100 Indians present?

A

Birmingham

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36
Q

In 1959, how many arrivals were there in Birmingham from Pakistan and India?

A

3,000

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37
Q

In what year was there the arrival of 3,000 immigrants to Birmingham from India and Pakistan?

A

1959

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38
Q

In 1959, where did 3,000 migrants that went to Birmingham arrive from?

A

Pakistan and India

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39
Q

How many west Africans were there in 1958?

A

25,000

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40
Q

In what year were there 25,000 West Africans?

A

1958

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41
Q

In 1958, of what group did 25,000 of the immigrants lie in?

A

West African

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42
Q

What was the trend of migration from West Africa?

A

Mostly students which had began in the inter-war years and this accelerated after 1945

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43
Q

Who had students that migrated during the interwar years and then migration accelerated after 1945?

A

West Africans

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44
Q

How many Cypriots were there in 1958?

A

10,000

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45
Q

In what year were there 10,000 Cypriots?

A

1958

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46
Q

In 1958, what group had 10,000 people?

A

Cypriots

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47
Q

Why were their Cypriots in England?

A

Fled the war from 1955-59

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48
Q

What was the impact of war in 1955-59 in Cyprus?

A

Lead to increased migration in Britain (10,000 in 1958)

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49
Q

How many Cypriots were there in 1959?

A

25,000

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50
Q

In what year were there 25,000 Cypriots?

A

1959

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51
Q

Where did West Indians particularly live?

A

London

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52
Q

Where did most minorities live?

A

London

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53
Q

In what area did half of West Indians live?

A

London

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54
Q

How many lived in and around Birmingham?

A

25,000

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55
Q

Where did 25,000 live?

A

In and around Birmingham

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56
Q

What groups of migrants mainly lived in Birmingham?

A

Indians and Pakistanis

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57
Q

How many migrants lived in Manchester?

A

8000

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58
Q

Where did 8,000 migrants live?

A

Manchester

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59
Q

How many migrants lived in Liverpool and Leeds?

A

6,000 in each

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60
Q

How many migrants lived in Liverpool?

A

6,000

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61
Q

How many migrants lived in Leeds?

A

6,000

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62
Q

In what area did 6,000 migrants live in?l

A

Liverpool

Leeds

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63
Q

In what declining textile area did Asians settle?

A

Oldham

Bradford

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64
Q

Who settled in Bradford and Oldham?

A

Asians

65
Q

Why did Asians settle in Oldham and Bradford?

A

Declining textile industries were desperate for cheap unskilled labour

66
Q

In what area was there a declining trade, which caused a desperate need for unskilled and cheap workers?

A

Oldham and Bradford

67
Q

What was the worries regarding national minorities?

A

Dilution of British culture and national identity

Protect houses and jobs

68
Q

Where did immigrants find themselves?

A

Poorest parts in the least desirable parts of town

69
Q

What gang attacked black people in 1958?

A

Teddy boy

70
Q

What did gangs of ‘Teddy boy’ do in 1958?

A

Attacking black people

71
Q

When did ‘Teddy boy’ gangs attack black people?

A

1958

72
Q

What was the impact of the ‘Teddy boy’ gang attacks on black people in 1958?

A

Riots broke out in Nottingham and Notting hill

73
Q

What did a 1962 survey show?

A

90% of the British population supported legislation to curb immigration
80% agreed that there were too many immigrants in Britain already

74
Q

What survey showed that 90% of the British population supported legislation to curb immigration and 80% agreed that there were too many immigrants in Britain already?

A

1962 survey

75
Q

In the 1962 survey, what percentage of the population supported legislation to curb immigration?

A

90%

76
Q

In the 1962 survey, what did 90% of the British population support?

A

Legislation to curb immigration

77
Q

In a 1962 survey, what did 80% of the population believe?

A

Too many immigrants in Britain already

78
Q

In a 1962 survey, what did 80% of the population believe?

A

Too many immigrants

79
Q

What happened between 1960-62?

A

More migrants arrived to Britain than in the whole 20th century

80
Q

What was the immigration per year between 1962-65?

A

50,000 per year

81
Q

When was the immigration 50,000 per year?

A

1962-65

82
Q

What was the. British black population in 1967?

A

1 million

83
Q

When were there 1 million Black people in Britain?

A

1967

84
Q

Who was Oswald Mosley?

A

Former leader of the British union of Fascists

85
Q

Who was the leader of the British union of Fascists?

A

Oswald Mosley

86
Q

What was founded in 1948?

A

Union movement

87
Q

When was the union movement founded?

A

1948

88
Q

What was Oswald Mosley’s stance in the 1959 election?

A

Anti-immigration platform

89
Q

Who stood on an anti-immigration platform in the 1959 election in Kensington North?

A

Oswald Mosley

90
Q

In what election did Oswald Mosley stand on an anti-immigration platform?

A

1959 election in Kensington North

91
Q

In the 1959 election in Kensington North, how did the Union movement show their anti-immigration stance?

A

Featured black people entering Britain holding spears
Slogans such as ‘Stop coloured immigration’ and ‘Houses for white people’
Spread stories about the criminality and bad behaviour of immigrants

92
Q

In the 1959 election in Kensington North, what did the pamphlets the union movement spread contain pictures of?

A

Featured black people entering Britain holding spears

93
Q

When did the union movement spread Pamphlets featuring black people entering Britain holding spears?

A

In the 1959 election in Kensington North

94
Q

When did the union movement use slogans like ‘Stop coloured immigration’ and ‘Houses for white people’?

A

In the 1959 election in Kensington North

95
Q

When did the union movement spread stories about the criminality and bad behaviour of immigrants?

A

In the 1959 election in Kensington North

96
Q

Who had slogans such as ‘Stop coloured immigration’ and ‘Houses for white people’ in the 1959 election in Kensington North?

A

Union movement

97
Q

Who spread stories about the criminality and bad behaviour of immigrants in the 1959 election in Kensington North?

A

Union movement

98
Q

Who spread stories about the criminality and bad behaviour of immigrants in the 1959 election in Kensington North?

A

Union movement

99
Q

What percentage of vote did the union movement receive in the 1959 election in Kensington?

A

8.1

100
Q

Who received 8.1% of the vote in the 1959 election in Kensington?

A

Union movement

101
Q

What did a survey in 1965 show?

A

One in five would object to working with a Black or Asian person
Half would refuse to live next door to a person of colour
Nine out of ten disapproved of mixed raced marriages

102
Q

In a 1965 survey, what proportion disapproved of mixed race marriages?

A

Nine out of ten

103
Q

In a 1965 survey, what proportion would object to working with a Black or Asian person?

A

One in five

104
Q

In a 1965 survey, what proportion would refuse to live next door to a person of colour?

A

Half

105
Q

In a 1965 survey, what did 9 out of ten of people disapprove of?

A

Disapproved of mixed race marriages

106
Q

In what survey showed that 9 out of 10 people disapproved of mixed race marriages?

A

1965

107
Q

In a 1965 survey, what did half refuse to do?

A

Live next door to a coloured person

108
Q

In a 1965 survey, what did one in five refuse to do?

A

Work with a black or Asian person

109
Q

In what survey showed that half disapproved of living next to a person of colour?

A

1965

110
Q

What survey showed that one in five would refuse to work with a Black or Asian person?

A

1965

111
Q

What was formed in Birmingham 1960?

A

Birmingham Immigration Control

112
Q

When was the Birmingham Immigration Control formed?

A

1960

113
Q

What was the role of the Birmingham Immigration Control?

A

Put pressure on the conservative MPs in the West Midlands to push for political action to prevent migration

114
Q

Who put pressure on the conservative MPs in the West Midlands to push for political action to prevent migration?

A

Birmingham Immigration Control

115
Q

Where were racist attitudes strongest?

A

Working class communities that lived near migrant communities

116
Q

What happened to Bengalis who had settled in East London?

A

Subject to violence
Food thrown at them
School children hurt on their way to school
Not safe to go shopping or wait at the bus stop

117
Q

What community in East London was subject to violence?

A

Bengalis

118
Q

What happened from Luton to Bradford?

A

Paki Bashing

119
Q

Where did ‘Paki-Bashing’ happen?

A

Luton to Bradford

120
Q

What is ‘Paki-Bashing’?

A

Attacks on anyone with black skin

121
Q

What was the term used for attacking anyone with black skin, that particularly happened from Bradford to Luton?

A

‘Paki-Bashing’

122
Q

What was introduced in 1962?

A

Commonwealth Immigrants Act

123
Q

When was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act?

A

1962

124
Q

What was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act

A

Free immigration ended and a work permit was needed

125
Q

Why was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act introduced in 1962

A

Control the escalating immigration

126
Q

What was put in place to control the escalating immigration?

A

1962: Commonwealth Immigrants Act

127
Q

What act caused free immigration to end and a work permits to be needed?

A

1962: Commonwealth Immigrants Act

128
Q

Who was exempt from the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?

A

Irish

129
Q

Who found it easy to get permits after the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?

A

White skilled workers

130
Q

How many black people had migrated to Britain 12 months after the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?

A

34,500

131
Q

Why did only 34,500 black people migrate to Britain 12 months after the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?

A

The act had put a work voucher scheme which meant it was hard for black unskilled workers to gain

132
Q

What did the polls suggest about the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?

A

70% public support

133
Q

In what election was immigration a massive issue?

A

1964 General election

134
Q

What happened in the 1964 general election?

A

Immigration was a massive issue

135
Q

What British county had the most migration concentration?

A

Smethwick

136
Q

What was the population of migrants in comparison to the whole population in Smethwick?

A

6000 recent immigrants out of 70,000

137
Q

Who won the seat of Smethwick in the 1964 general election?

A

Griffiths

138
Q

What slogan did Griffiths use in order to win the Smethwick seat in the 1964 general election?

A

‘If you want a nigger for a neighbour, vote Labour’

139
Q

Who used the phrase ‘If you want a nigger for a neighbour, vote Labour’?

A

Griffiths in order to win the Smethwick seat in the 1964 general election

140
Q

What did the new labour government do to migration?

A

Reduced the quota of vouchers for work permits

Barred children over 16 from entering Britain as a family member

141
Q

What did the Labour government introduce to reduce racial tensions?

A

1965: Race Relations Act

142
Q

When was the Race Relations Act?

A

1965

143
Q

What act was passed in 1965?

A

Race Relations Act

144
Q

What was the 1965 Race Relations Act?

A

Forbade discrimination in public spaces on the notion of colour, race, ethnic and national origin

145
Q

What forbade discrimination in public spaces on the notion of colour, race, ethnic and national origin?

A

1965: Race Relations Act

146
Q

What did the 1965 Race Relations Act not include?

A

Discrimination in housing and employment

Urging race hatred was not a criminal offence

147
Q

What was set up in 1965?

A

Race Relations Board

148
Q

When was the Race Relations Board set up?

A

1965

149
Q

What was the role of the Race Relations Board?

A

Compiled statistics
Held hearings, but it couldn’t call witnesses
Produced reports

150
Q

What board:
Compiled statistics
Held hearings, but it couldn’t call witnesses
Produced reports

A

Race Relations Board

151
Q

How many cases did the Race Relations Board hear?

A

982 cases but 734 were dismissed

152
Q

Out of the 982 cases the Race Relations Board heard, how many were dismissed?

A

734

153
Q

What did TV shows begin to feature?

A

Black people, like Emergency Ward 10 and Z-cards

154
Q

What was the impact of Chinese take-away?

A

Changed the tastes of the British

155
Q

Who were more easily assimilated?

A

West Indians who spoke English and were Christians

156
Q

What ethic group was regarded more alien?

A

Pakistanis and Indians

157
Q

Why were the Pakistanis and Indians regarded as alien?

A

Worked really hard
Kids performed well in school
Religion prevented them from drinking so they were often excluded from pubs which was central to British culture

158
Q

What happened in a survey in the early 1960s in Nottingham?

A

87% of Jamaicans said they felt British

2% of Indians and Pakistanis said they felt British

Key Topic 3A: The Impact Of Imperial Power On The Periphery (8 decks)

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