immigration

Question 1

describe the attitudes toward immigration in 17-33

Answer 1

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Question 2

describe the attitudes toward immigration in 33-45

Answer 2

impact on urban life
-high conc in urban areas =elected officials such as Fiorello La Guardia support from Italian voters=mayor New York and congress championed cause immigrants
-foreign born and second generation immigrants voted Democrat =urban support base
-social impact=eat in restaurant serving traditional food, hear old language =old american resented unwillingness to assimilate

impact of WW2
-war made some uneasy=italain born Battistessa lived California for 20 years=enemy state=killed himself
-East Asian treated poorly=Nixon mum =she didnt cause pearl harbour
-100,000 West coast Japanese Americans put in concentration camps =securtiy threat
-hawaii=Large pop but they were needed for labour
intense nationalism patriotism and demand for conformity
-assimilation as people joined army had to speak english to follow orders polish service man

Question 3

describe the attitudes toward immigration in 45-61

Answer 3

impact of second world war
-100,000 war brides
-1943 Chinese and Filipino efforts against Japan=repeal of Chinese exclusion leg
-between 45-48 allowed 41,300 displaced persons by war

cold war
-increased fears about foreigners=McCarran= “hard-core…blocs which have not been integrated into the American way of lifeare deadly enemies”
-those fleeing communism were welcome=displaced persons act=1952 400,000 entered states mostly from eastern Europe=let in 35,000 hungarians
-although McCarran act 51 aimed to reinforce the preference of north west Europeans =85% slots =act established preference for those cold war skills=4 mil entered double what was expected
Mexican-Americans
-need agribusiness= 5 mil braceros allowed in agreement 1942=continued this till 1964
-additional 5 mil undocumented immigrants=paid even less than braceros=braceros wages usually 25-50 lower than American born farmworkers
-LULAC supported operation wetback=1 mil undocumented Mexicans were repatriated

• number immigrants rose from 17 in 40s to over 50 percent in 1965
  -1960 1/6 Americans mexican
  -Asian and middle eastern=7 percent by 1961 half were war wives
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Question 4

describe the attitudes toward immigration in the 5.8 millsixties

Answer 4

national origins formula was gradually eroded after the ww2 in 1961=JFK =14,000 more chinese people in us
-discrimination over ethnic composition ended when 1965 immigration and nationality act abolished the NOF and others that discrim against asians and africans set limit of 20,000 per country
-polls showed 1/3 americans did not want change in immigration quota and 17 were indifferent =sig retreat from nativism owed to lib mood that LBJ and congress exploited

1965 act = over 5 mil arrived in 36 years between 65-90 15.5 =changed demography
-changed ethnic composition=before 53 percent immigrants europeans =asia and middle east rose from 6 to 33.6

-gov ended bracero programme in 1960
-wave cuban immigrants fleeing castro=communism=middle class and affulent played role in floridas politics

Question 5

describe the attitudes toward immigration in 68-80

Answer 5

1965=revolutionary impact =by 1970 nearly half immigrants came from Latin America one thrid from Asia most of the rest from Europe and growing numbers from Africa =transformed demography =led to tensions and debate
1970=European =17.8 asia=35.3
Backlash towards Cuban and Haitians immigrants=during economic crisis=blamed them for strain on school and jobs supporters said it contributed to economic growth
-us foreign policy impacted demography =after Vietnam fell refugees flooded from cambodia laos and vietnam. =congress helped settle them in us with refugee act 1980 which allowed 50,000 per annum and said 5000 could apply for political asylum =little saigons