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Immunology > IMM Flashcards > Flashcards

IMM Flashcards

1
Q

Epitope

A

The smallest piece of antigen that an antibody can recognize and bind to

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2
Q

Lectin

A

A family of proteins that bind specific sugars on glycoproteins and glycolipids

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3
Q

Class switching

A

Process by which a B cell changes the class of antibody it produces, while maintaining specificity

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4
Q

Memory (immunological)

A

Characteristic of lymphocytes in the adaptive immune system wherein encounter with a given antigen for a second time produces a faster, more robust, and longer-lasting response

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5
Q

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A

A genetic region encoding molecules involved in antigen presentation to T cells

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6
Q

Integrin

A

Heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules

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7
Q

Adjuvant

A

A substance that is added to a vaccine in order to improve or stimulate the immune response

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8
Q

Granzyme

A

vA serine esterase that is present within the granules of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells

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9
Q

Antigen

A

A foreign substance that elicits an immune response

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10
Q

Hapten

A

A small molecule that only elicits an immune response when attached to a larger molecule

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11
Q

Basophils

A

Mature cells with a bilobed nucleus and granules containing histamine and heparin. Important in immediate-type hypersensitivity.

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12
Q

Perforin

A

A protein that facilitates granzyme entry into target cell cytosol

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13
Q

Eosinophils

A

Mature granular cells that play a major role in parasitic infection and chronic allergies

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14
Q

Phagocyte

A

Cells that engulf and destroy antigen

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15
Q

T cells

A

Lymphocytes that function in cell-mediated immunity

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16
Q

Plasma cell

A

Terminally-differentiated B cell that secretes antibody

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17
Q

Monocytes

A

Phagocytic antigen-presenting cells located in the bloodstream that differentiate into tissue macrophages when stimulated

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18
Q

Neutrophils

A

Mature phagocytic cells with a multi-lobed nucleus that contain toxic cytoplasmic granules with bactericidal capabilities

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19
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Lymphoid cells containing granzyme and perforin that directly destroy infected or malignant cells

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20
Q

Lymph

A

Fluid that drains into and through the lymphatic system

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21
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

Excess immune response, leading to a harmful consequence (e.g. tissue damage)

22
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

Branch of adaptive immunity mediated by T lymphocytes

23
Q

Histamine

A

A vasoactive amine present in basophils and mast cells

24
Q

Opsonization

A

Coating of antigen with opsonin, in order to enhance phagocytosis

25
Q

Somatic hypermutation

A

Mechanism for increased antibody diversity and affinity, via V(D)J recombination following antigenic stimulation

26
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Cells that present processed antigens to T cells

27
Q

Effector cell

A

Cells that actually do the job of fighting off microbes

28
Q

Interleukins

A

Cytokines that acts on other leukocytes

29
Q

Helper vs. Cytotoxic T cells

A

Helper: CD4+ T cells that mediate inflammation as well as the proliferation and differentiation of T and B cells

30
Q

Inflammation

A

Response to trauma, characterized by increased blood flow as well as entry of leukocytes into the affected tissue

31
Q

Anergy

A

Absence of a normal immune response by a cell type to a particular antigen

32
Q

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)

A

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

33
Q

Negative selection

A

Deletion of autoreactive T cells via apoptosis in the thymus

34
Q

Ligand

A

A molecule that is recognized by a receptor

35
Q

Cytokines

A

Secreted proteins that work as mediators of immune and inflammatory reactions

36
Q

Positive selection

A

Selection of T cells that are capable of interacting with MHC in the thymus

37
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

The development of all blood cells from progenitor stem cells

38
Q

Antigen-presenting cells

A

Cells that present peptides from antigens on their surfaces, via major histocompatibility complexes (MHC)

39
Q

Complement

A

A system of serum proteins that ultimately produce effector molecules involved in opsonization, inflammation, and lysis

40
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Branch ofadaptive immunity involving B cells

41
Q

B cells

A

Lymphocytes that function in humoral immunity through the secretion of antibodies

42
Q

Granulocytes

A

Myeloid cells that contain cytoplasmic granules

43
Q

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)

A

Molecules widely expressed by microbial pathogens that are identified by pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system

44
Q

Phagolysosome

A

Vacuole formed intracellularly via the fusion of a phagosome and lysosome for the destruction of antigen

45
Q

Macrophages

A

Phagocytic antigen presenting cells derived from monocytes

46
Q

Antibody (Immunoglobulin)

A

A glycoprotein secreted by plasma cells, composed of two identical light (L) chains and two identical heavy (H) chains

47
Q

Leukocyte

A

White blood cells

48
Q

Exudate

A

A fluid rich in protein and cellular elements that oozes out of blood vessels due to inflammation

49
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Branch of the immune system that requires expansion and differentiation of lymphocytes in response to pathogens

50
Q

Innate immunity

A

Allthe immune defenses that lack immunologic memory

51
Q

Germinal centers

A

Areas within secondary lymph tissue where B cell maturation occurs

52
Q

Respiratory burst

A

Oxidative reaction that occurs in phagocytic cells for destruction of antigen

Immunology (2 decks)

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