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Immuno > IMM drugs > Flashcards

IMM drugs Flashcards

1
Q

tocilizumab

A

anti-IL-6R antibody

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2
Q

MMR

A

attenuated viral

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3
Q

describe 1 type of cytokine antibodies and name the drugs in these categories

A

anti-TNF-a: etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab

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4
Q

Flu shot

A

Inactivated viral

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5
Q

infliximab

A

anti-TNF-a antibody

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6
Q

name 2 types of DNA synthesis inhibitors and describe how they work

A

purine-targeting: azathioprine
folate: methotrexate (blocks DHFR)

both mimic the structure and disrupt DNA synth (competitive inhibitors, inhibit precursor synthesis)

Don’t take while pregnant

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7
Q

rituximab

A

CD20 antibody

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8
Q

Lamivudine and Emtricitabine

A

NRTI
Common use with zidovudine and tenofovir
Can treat Hep B

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9
Q

name non-specific COX inhibitors, clinical uses (broad), and side effects

A

aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen, acetaminophen

analgesics, antipyretic, sometimes anti-coagulation, acetaminophen = not an anti-inflamm

aspirin used for anti-coag and Kawasaki’s

side effects: GI bleeds, renal damage, easy bleeding
aspirin can induce asthma; Reye’s syndrome in kids

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10
Q

oral influenza

A

attenuated viral

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11
Q

sirolimus

A

mTOR inhibitor

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12
Q

anakinra

A

IL-1R antibody

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13
Q

Rabies

A

Inactivated viral

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14
Q

name COX 2 inhibitors, side effects

A

celecoxib, rofecoxib

CVD tox

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15
Q

tofacitinib

A

JAK/STAT inhibitor; inhibits downstream phosphorylation in IL-2 and IFN-g

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16
Q

name two calcineuron inhibitors and describe how they work

A

cyclosporin and tacrolimus

black calcineuron which prevents TCR signals from being amplified

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17
Q

how do you recognize names of corticosteroids?

A

“sone” at end

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18
Q

yellow fever

A

attenuated viral

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19
Q

Zidovudine

A 
NRTI 
First ARV drug
Synthetic version of thymidine
Chain elongation terminator
Only IV ARV
*Black Box*
Neutropenia, severe anemia, myopathy etc.
20
Q

Hep B

A

synthetic/recombinant

Safe, short shelf life (same problems as conjugated vaccines)

21
Q

etanercept

A

anti-TNF-a antibody

22
Q

Rotavirus

A

attenuated viral

23
Q

Polio (Sabin**)

A

Attenuated; no longer used in US

24
Q

Polio (Salk)

A

Inactivated viral

25
Q

Diphtheria and tetanus

A

toxoid (protein antigen/subunit)

Very effective

26
Q

BCG

A

Attenuated bacterial

27
Q

name a mTOR inhibitor and describe how it works

A

sirolimus; blocks IL-2 signaling thus inhibiting T cells

28
Q

azathioprine

A

purine inhibitor; increases risk for AML and lung adenocarcinoma

29
Q

celecoxib

A

COX2 inhibitor

30
Q

Raltegravir

A

Integrase inhibitor
Remember Tegra*

Well tolerated and less side effects

31
Q

tacrolimus

A

calcineuron inhibitor

32
Q

describe 3 types of receptor antibodies and drugs that fall into these categories

A

CD20 - rituximab
IL-1R - anakinra
Il-6R - tocilizumab

33
Q

cyclosporin

A

calcineuron inhibitor

34
Q

Chickenpox

A

Attenuated viral

35
Q

adalimumab

A

anti-TNF-a antibody

36
Q

Haemophilus influenza b (Hib)

A

Conjugated to tetanus toxoid

Very safe, short shelf-life, difficulty in production, failure to stimulate sig CTL response

37
Q

Lopinavir/Ritonavir

A

Protease Inhibitor

Ritonavir used to boost levels of primary drug

Beware interactions

38
Q

name a JAK/STAT inhibitor and describe how it works

A

Tofacitinib

IL-2 and IFN-g downstream signaling inhibited

39
Q

Maraviroc

A

Unique mechanism that inhibits co-receptors

40
Q

methotrexate

A

messes w/ folate, DNA synthesis inhibitor

41
Q

Give 2 examples of polyvalent/combo vaccines

A

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis

Pentavalent: D, T, P, Hep B, Hib

42
Q

describe 4 classes of drugs that target cytokine synthesis

A

corticosteroids** also inhibits eicosanoids
calcineuron inhibitors
mTOR inhibitors
JAK/STAT inhibitors

43
Q

rofecoxib

A

COX 2 inhibitor

44
Q

Abacavir

A

NRTI
Risk of hypersensitivity reaction
Increased risk for CV disease

45
Q

Tenofovir - TDF and TAF

A

NRTI
Common in combination
TAF has less renal and bone tox than TDF

Can treat Hep B

46
Q

describe mechanisms of drugs that inhibit eicosanoid synthesis and block cytokines

A

corticosteroids

hydrocortisone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethosone

mechanisms: lipocortin/annexin 1 inhibits phospholipase A, blocking pathways; also inhibits TNF-a, IL 1, 2, 5, 6 etc.

side effects: immunosuppression, Cushing syndrome (skin and bones impacted due to effects on osteocalcin and keratin)

Immuno (1 decks)

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