IMM drugs Flashcards
tocilizumab
anti-IL-6R antibody
MMR
attenuated viral
describe 1 type of cytokine antibodies and name the drugs in these categories
anti-TNF-a: etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab
Flu shot
Inactivated viral
infliximab
anti-TNF-a antibody
name 2 types of DNA synthesis inhibitors and describe how they work
purine-targeting: azathioprine
folate: methotrexate (blocks DHFR)
both mimic the structure and disrupt DNA synth (competitive inhibitors, inhibit precursor synthesis)
Don’t take while pregnant
rituximab
CD20 antibody
Lamivudine and Emtricitabine
NRTI
Common use with zidovudine and tenofovir
Can treat Hep B
name non-specific COX inhibitors, clinical uses (broad), and side effects
aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen, acetaminophen
analgesics, antipyretic, sometimes anti-coagulation, acetaminophen = not an anti-inflamm
aspirin used for anti-coag and Kawasaki’s
side effects: GI bleeds, renal damage, easy bleeding
aspirin can induce asthma; Reye’s syndrome in kids
oral influenza
attenuated viral
sirolimus
mTOR inhibitor
anakinra
IL-1R antibody
Rabies
Inactivated viral
name COX 2 inhibitors, side effects
celecoxib, rofecoxib
CVD tox
tofacitinib
JAK/STAT inhibitor; inhibits downstream phosphorylation in IL-2 and IFN-g
name two calcineuron inhibitors and describe how they work
cyclosporin and tacrolimus
black calcineuron which prevents TCR signals from being amplified
how do you recognize names of corticosteroids?
“sone” at end
yellow fever
attenuated viral
Zidovudine
NRTI First ARV drug Synthetic version of thymidine Chain elongation terminator Only IV ARV *Black Box* Neutropenia, severe anemia, myopathy etc.
Hep B
synthetic/recombinant
Safe, short shelf life (same problems as conjugated vaccines)
etanercept
anti-TNF-a antibody
Rotavirus
attenuated viral
Polio (Sabin**)
Attenuated; no longer used in US
Polio (Salk)
Inactivated viral
Diphtheria and tetanus
toxoid (protein antigen/subunit)
Very effective
BCG
Attenuated bacterial
name a mTOR inhibitor and describe how it works
sirolimus; blocks IL-2 signaling thus inhibiting T cells
azathioprine
purine inhibitor; increases risk for AML and lung adenocarcinoma
celecoxib
COX2 inhibitor
Raltegravir
Integrase inhibitor
Remember Tegra*
Well tolerated and less side effects
tacrolimus
calcineuron inhibitor
describe 3 types of receptor antibodies and drugs that fall into these categories
CD20 - rituximab
IL-1R - anakinra
Il-6R - tocilizumab
cyclosporin
calcineuron inhibitor
Chickenpox
Attenuated viral
adalimumab
anti-TNF-a antibody
Haemophilus influenza b (Hib)
Conjugated to tetanus toxoid
Very safe, short shelf-life, difficulty in production, failure to stimulate sig CTL response
Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Protease Inhibitor
Ritonavir used to boost levels of primary drug
Beware interactions
name a JAK/STAT inhibitor and describe how it works
Tofacitinib
IL-2 and IFN-g downstream signaling inhibited
Maraviroc
Unique mechanism that inhibits co-receptors
methotrexate
messes w/ folate, DNA synthesis inhibitor
Give 2 examples of polyvalent/combo vaccines
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis
Pentavalent: D, T, P, Hep B, Hib
describe 4 classes of drugs that target cytokine synthesis
corticosteroids** also inhibits eicosanoids
calcineuron inhibitors
mTOR inhibitors
JAK/STAT inhibitors
rofecoxib
COX 2 inhibitor
Abacavir
NRTI
Risk of hypersensitivity reaction
Increased risk for CV disease
Tenofovir - TDF and TAF
NRTI
Common in combination
TAF has less renal and bone tox than TDF
Can treat Hep B
describe mechanisms of drugs that inhibit eicosanoid synthesis and block cytokines
corticosteroids
hydrocortisone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethosone
mechanisms: lipocortin/annexin 1 inhibits phospholipase A, blocking pathways; also inhibits TNF-a, IL 1, 2, 5, 6 etc.
side effects: immunosuppression, Cushing syndrome (skin and bones impacted due to effects on osteocalcin and keratin)