imf videos Flashcards
London Dispersion Forces what are two key points about them
These forces are present in all molecules, regardless of polarity.
They arise from temporary fluctuations in electron density, creating instantaneous dipoles.
Dipole-Dipole Forces two key points about them
These forces occur between polar molecules that have permanent dipoles.
The positive end of one polar molecule attracts the negative end of another, leading to an interaction that influences boiling and melting points.
key point on hydrogen bonding
Hydrogen bonding occurs particularly in molecules containing hydrogen bonded to electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen.
Importance of Intermolecular Forces
The strength of these forces can significantly affect the behavior of substances under different conditions.
The strength of these forces can significantly affect the behavior of substances under different conditions.
aplication of this understanding
Understanding these forces can help predict and explain the interactions and behaviors of various compounds in reactions and mixtures.
Molecular Size and Shape: For London Dispersion forces
larger molecules with greater surface area tend to have stronger forces due to the increased number of electrons and greater polarizability.
Boiling Point and Melting Point
Substances with stronger intermolecular forces generally have higher boiling points and melting points because more energy is required to overcome these attractions.
viscosity
The resistance of a liquid to flow. Stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher viscosity.
Surface Tension:
The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid. Liquids with strong intermolecular forces have higher surface tension.
Vapor Pressure:
The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase. Stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressure because molecules are less likely to escape into the gas phase.
