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imeqma 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Allows radiologic technologist to
control the x-ray tube current and
voltage so that the useful beam is of
proper quantity and quality.

A

OPERATING
CONSOLE

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2
Q

Refers to the no. of
x-rays or the intensity of
the beam.

A

RADIATION QUANTITY

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3
Q

Refers to the
penetrability of the
x-ray beam.

A

RADIATION QUALITY

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4
Q

5 TYPES OF X-RAY
TIMERS

A

Mechanical Timers

Synchronous Timers

Electronic Timers

mAs Timers

Automatic Exposure Control/Phototimer

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5
Q

Works under clock system

Used in portable and dental
system

A

MECHANICAL TIMERS

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6
Q

Most complicated, accurate and
sophisticated.

Can be used in rapid serial
exposure

A

ELECTRONIC TIMERS

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7
Q

Energy that determines
the penetrating ability of
the beam.

A

KILOVOLTAGE PEAK
(KVP)

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7
Q

Measures the intensity of the
x-ray beam and the number of
electrons that crossing from
cathode to anode.

A

MILLIAMPERAGE
(MA)

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8
Q

precision device

1/17 msec exposure time

Cannot be used in rapid serial
exposure

A

SYNCHRONOUS TIMERS

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9
Q

Allows the voltage to be
monitored before the
exposure

A

PRE-READING VOLTMETER

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10
Q

Product of mA and Time

Determines the number of
x-rays emitted

Terminates the exposure
when the desired mAs is
attained

A

MAS TIMERS

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11
Q

Device that measures the quantity
of radiation reaching the image
receptor.

Terminates the exposure when the
desired intensity is attained

A

AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE
CONTROL/ PHOTOTIMER

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12
Q

Critical component of one type of
phototimer.

A

PHOTOMULTIPLIER
SENSING DEVICE

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13
Q

Views a fluorescent screen
that converts lights from it into
an electric charge

A

PHOTOMULTIPLIER

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14
Q

Device used to check the time
accuracy of x-ray timer

A

SPINNING TOP

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15
Q

Maintain constant volatage of
system

A

line compensator

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16
Q

Designed to supply precise
voltage

A

AUTOTRANSFORMER

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17
Q

Device whose action is to make
and break the high voltage along
the x-ray tube.

A

TIMER CIRCUIT

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18
Q

Circuit where the x-ray tube is
controlled

A

FILAMENT CIRCUIT

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19
Q

Process of the heating of
filament leads to the release of
electron

A

THERMIONIC EMISSION

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20
Q

Step-down transformer; in
charge of increasing of
increasing the current and
intensity of the filament to be
heated.

A

FILAMENT
TRANSFORMER

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21
Q

RESPONSIBLE FOR LOW
VOLTAGE FROM ELECTRIC
POWER COMPANY INTO A
KILOVOLTAGE OF A PROPER
WAVE FORM.

A

HIGH VOLTAGE
GENERATOR

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22
Q

THREE PRIMARY PARTS OF
HIGH-VOLTAGE GENERATOR

A
  1. HIGH VOLTAGE
    TRANSFORMER 2. RECTIFIER 3. FILAMENT TRANSFORMER
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23
Q

STEP UP TRANSFORMER

THE VS IS GREATER THAN
VP AND THE NUMBER OF
SECONDARY WINDING IS
GREATER THAN PRIMARY
WINDING

A

HIGH VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER

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24
Q

TURNS RATIO

A

500:1

1000:1

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25
Q

-DEVICE USED TO CONVERT AC TO DC

A

RECTIFIER

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26
Q

A PROCESS OF
CONVERTING AC TO DC

A

RECTIFICATION

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27
Q

STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER; IN CHARGE OF INCREASING OF INCREASING THE
CURRENT AND INTENSITY OF THE
FILAMENT TO BE HEATED.

VACUUM TUBES CALLED VALVE TUBES, REPLACED BY SOLID STATE RECTIFIERS MADE UP OF SILICON

A

FILAMENT
TRANSFORMER

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28
Q

ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT
CONTAINS TWO ELECTRODES.

29
Q

3 TYPES OF RECTIFICATION

A
  1. HALF WAVE RECTIFICATION 2. SELF RECTIFIED 3. FULL WAVE RECTIFICATION
30
Q

Results in pulsating x-ray
beam

Caused by the alternative
voltage from 0 to maximum
potential 120 times/sec

A

SINGLE PHASE POWER​

31
Q
  • More efficient way to produce
    x-ray than single phase power

Multiple voltage waveforms
are superimposed on one
another. There can be either.

6 pulses per 1/60 of a sec

12 pulsed per 1/60 of a sec

A

THREE PHASE POWER

32
Q

Voltage is not allowed to swing negatively during the half of
its cycle

Electrons flow only in one direction

½ of AC waveform

60 pulse/second

A

HALF WAVE RECTIFICATION

33
Q

X-ray tube serves as the vacuum tube rectifier

Waveform is same as half-wave rectification

A

SELF RECTIFIED

34
Q

Contains at least 4 diodes

120/pulse/sec

Main advantage: exposure time for any given technique
is cut by half.

A

FULL WAVE RECTIFICATION

35
Q

Starting the exposure

A

INITIATION
TIME

36
Q

Ending the exposure

A

EXTINCTION
TIME

37
Q

Newest development in HVG that
uses High Frequency Circuit

A

HIGH
FREQUENCY
GENERATOR

38
Q

another way to characterize
waveform

A

VOLTAGE RIPPLE-

39
Q

variation in peak voltage

40
Q

100% voltage ripple

A

SINGLE PHASE POWER

41
Q

13 % voltage ripple

A

3 PHASE 6 PULSE
POWER

42
Q

4% voltage ripple

A

3 PHASE 12 PULSE
POWER

43
Q

1% voltage ripple

44
Q

MAIN ADVANTAGE

A

less voltage ripples the greater
radiation quality and quantity.

45
Q

Vacuum tube or diode with two
electrodes. 30-50 cm long and 20cm
in diameter.

A

X-RAY TUBE

46
Q

Diameter of X-ray Tube

A

30-50 cm long and 20cm
in diameter.

47
Q

THREE EXTERNAL STRUCTURES
OF X-RAY TUBE

A
  1. Support Structure 2. Protective Housing 3. 3. Glass or Metal Envelope
48
Q

Provides mechanical support for the x-ray tube

✓ Prevents electrical shock

✓ Reduces amount of leakage radiation to <100mR/hr

at 1 meter or 1mGy/hr at 1 meter

A

Protective Housing

49
Q

maintains empty space or vacuum inside the x-ray

tube.

✓ Made up of PYREX GLASS

A

Glass or Metal Envelope

50
Q

6 WAYS TO SUPPORT X-RAY TUBE

A
  1. CEILING SUPPORT 2. FLOOR-TO-CEILING SUPPORT 3. FLOOR MOUNT SYSTEM 4. FLUOROSCOPY 5. C-arm MACHINES 6. PORTABLE/MOBILE
    MACHINES
51
Q

Used to perform radiography on
patients who are not ambulatory

A

PORTABLE/MOBILE
MACHINES

52
Q

X-ray tube are mounted on a
support shape like C.

A

C-arm MACHINES

53
Q

The image tower is locked into
place. Used to get x-ray images in
real time.

A

FLUOROSCOPY

54
Q

Alternative to column mount.

A

FLOOR MOUNT SYSTEM

55
Q

Has single column with rollers
attached to each end, floor to rail
and ceiling rail.

A

FLOOR TO CEILING
SUPPORT

56
Q

MOST FREQUENT USED

A

CEILING SUPPORT

57
Q

2 INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF X-RAY TUBE

A

cathode and anode

58
Q

negative side

59
Q

positive side

60
Q

2 PRIMARY PARTS OF CATHODE

A

filament and focusing cup

61
Q

coil of wire

Area where high speed electrons are produced.

Made up of thoriated tungsten

62
Q

Metal cup where filament is embedded.

A

focusing cup

63
Q

used for anode (yung 3)

A

Graphite, copper, molybdenum

64
Q

2 TYPES OF ANODE

A

Stationary and Rotating

65
Q

used in units where high tube current and power are not
required. Ex. Dental and portable machines.

A

Stationary

66
Q

used in general purpose x-ray tube capable of producing high
intensity x-ray beams.

67
Q

SPEED OF ROTATION OF ROTATING ANODE

68
Q

actual source of radiation.

A

FOCAL SPOT

69
Q

when better spatial resolution
is required.

  • ranges from 0.1mm to 0.5mm
A

Small Focal Spot

70
Q

it is required when technical
factors produce high heat.

  • ranges from 0.4mm to 1.2mm.
A

Large Focal Spot

71
Q

area of anode struck by radiation made up oof alloy tungsten
and rhenium.

imeqma (2 decks)

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