IMCA D0 22 Flashcards
IMCA promotes what four standards?
Health
Safety
Environment
Technical Standards
How does IMCA promote it’s 4 standards?
Information notes
Codes of practice
Safety flashes
Are IMCA members self regulating?
Yes
How are IMCA members self regulating?
They commit to following relevant guidelines.
Willing to be audited by clients to those guidelines
What are the two core activities of IMCA?
1) Competence & Training
2) Safety, Environment & Legislation
What are the 4 divisions of IMCA?
1) Diving
2) Marine
3) Offshore survey
4) Remote systems & ROV
What are the 5 regions of the world IMCA cover?
1) Asia Pacific
2) Central & North America
3) Europe & Africa
4) Middle East & India & South America
Inside the 12 mile limit what 5 activities are specifically excluded from the IMCA International Code of Practice D0 14?
1) Civil
2) Inshore
3) Inland
4) Habour works
5) Activities not conducted from a vessel or structure associated with oil & gas / renewable industries
If national standards are more stringent that DO14 they take precedence:
True of False
True
Diving supervisors in charge of each part of the operation have direct
responsibility for diving operations carried out under their control?
True or False
True
The examination and training for an air diving supervisor does not included surface mixed gas
diving techniques.
True or False?
True
A diving superintendent or senior supervisor is an appropriately qualified diving supervisor who is in overall charge of an operation - and is responsible for the dive.
True or False
FALSE
DIve supervisor is the responsible person.
How many hours to become an LST?
2400
IMCA offshore diving supervisor and life support technician certification schemes is DO..
DO13
All divers at work need to hold a suitable qualification for the work they intend to do. They will need
to have the original certificate in their possession at the site of the diving project.
Are copies accepted?
No
IMCA only recognises two grades of diver under the Code
What are these?
Surface Supplied
Closed Bell
Guidance on competence assurance and assessment: Diving Division is document CO..
C003
What is the D014?
International code of practice
What is DO13
Certification schemes for Diver Supervisor and LST
What is CO03
Competency assessment
What is the MKS system of measurement?
Systeme International:
Meter
Kilogram
Second
How many pascals = 1 bar
100,000 Pa = 1 bar
What is the FPS system of measurement?
Imperial System:
Foot, Pound, Second
1 imperial ton is how many lbs?
2,240 lbs
1 US ton is how many pounds
2000 lbs
1 therm is how many BTU
100,000
1 atm is how many FSW?
33 FSW
How many PSI in one ATM
14.7 psi
1 imperial gallon = how many US gallons?
1.2 US gallons
1 US gallon = is how many imperial gallons?
0.83 US gallons
How many feet are there in a meter?
3.281
How many feet in a cubic meter?
35.32
How many cubic feet are there in a meter?
28.31
How many pounds are in a kilogram?
2.204
How many bar in an atm?
1.01
How many psi in 1 bar
14.5
How to convert C to F?
C x 1.8 + 32 = F
How to convert F to C
F -32 / 1.8 = C
A DDC with a floodable volume of 6m3 is pressed from the surface to 30 msw. How much gas is used
18m3
A DDC is at 30 msw with 6% oxygen showing on the surface analyser. What is the pO2 at 30 msw?
0.24 pO2
A DDC is pressed from the surface to 30 msw using 6% oxygen. What will be the pO2 at 30 msw?
0.39 pO2
A commercial diver is calculated using how many litres and feet / min?
35 litres / min
1.25 ft3 / min
A commercial diver is calculated using how many litres and feet / min in an emergency?
40 litres / min
1.5 ft3 / min
62.5 Norway
1.8 ft 3 / min
Gas reclaim losses are calculated as how many litres / min?
5 litres / min
0.18 ft3 / min
diver is working at 20 msw for 4 hours. What volume of gas will he use?
The diver will use 25.2 m3 of gas
A diver is working at 100 fsw for 30 minutes. What volume of gas will he use?
The diver will use 151.2 ft3 of gas
The volume of a 64 bottle quad is 64 x 50 ltr is?
3.2 m3.
A 64 x 50 ltr quad contains gas at a pressure of 100 bar. What is the total volume of useable gas in the
quad?
320 m3
A dive is planned to 40 msw. The bail-out is charged to 200 bar. What pressure is available to the diver?
185 bar
Ambient + 10 bar for regulator
In practice, diving supervisors should allow a considerable margin of error and would normally change
over to a new gas quad when the pressures drops to
40 bar
A diver is working at 80 msw, breathing from a 16 x 50 ltr quad at a pressure of 150 bar. How long
could he work for (assume that the quad will be changed over at 40 bar)?
4 hours and 39 minutes
A quad contains 5,800 ft3 when it is at a pressure of 3,000 psi. How much gas does it contain when the
pressure is 1,800 psi?
3,480 ft3
A quad contains 5,800 ft3 when it is at a pressure of 3,000 psi. How much gas is available to the diver if
the quad was to be taken offline at a pressure of 1,800 psi?
2,320 ft3
A diver is working at 250 fsw. He is breathing from a quad which contains 22,500 ft3 of gas when it is
at a pressure of 3,000 psi. It is now at 2,750 psi. How long could the diver work for (assume that the
quad will be changed over at 500 psi)?
26 hours 13 minutes
An LP compressor supplies 30 ft3/min at 300 psi. The diver plans to work at 100 fsw. Is the air supply
sufficient (allow 10 atm for the operation of the regulator)?
The compressor delivers 300 psi, so the pressure is suitable
A lightweight LP compressor delivers 250 l/min at a pressure of 15 bar. Two divers are planning to
work at 30 msw. Is the air supply sufficient?
The compressor delivers 15 bar, so the pressure is suitable
But the compressor only delivers 250 l/min, so the volume is insufficient.
A bail-out bottle has a floodable volume of 8 ltr. How much time has a diver got if his surface supply
fails at 50 msw? The bail-out bottle is at a pressure of 200 bar.
6.13 minutes
A bail-out bottle has a floodable volume of 12 ltr. How much time has a diver got if his surface supply
fails at 200 msw (660 fsw)? The bail-out bottle is at a pressure of 180 bar.
2.12 minutes
After filling to 3,000 psi a bail-out bottle is at a temperature of 100°F. What will the pressure be when
the temperature drops to 40°F?
2,679 psi
A diver at 250 fsw is breathing a 15% mix. What is the ppO2 in his mix?
1.287 ata
In a chamber at 80 msw, the oxygen percentage reading is 4.5%. What is the ppO2 in the chamber?
405 mb
A diver at 125 msw is breathing a 4% mix. What is his ppO2?
0.54 bar
During a saturation dive at 600 fsw, divers require a ppO2 between 0.5 and 0.8 atm. What is a suitable
mix?
2.6% to 4.2%
If the ppO2 must lie between 1.2 and 1.6 bar, what is the greatest depth at which a 15% mix could be
used?
= 96.7 msw
What is the EAD formula in metric?
EAD = Nitrogen % x Absol Depth / 79 - 10 msw
What is the EAD formula in imperial?
EAD = Nitrogen % x Absol Depth / 79 - 33 fsw
A diver is breathing a 40:60 nitrox mix at 25 msw. What is the EAD?
The EAD is 16.6 msw, so use the next deepest table
A diver is breathing a 30/70 nitrox mix at 100 fsw. What is the EAD?
The EAD is 84.8 fsw, so use the next deepest table
You have an empty quad and you want to make 200 bar of 9%, using 2% and 12%. What pressure of
each gas do you need?
You need 140 bar of 12% and 60 bar of 2% to make 200 bar of 9%
You have 100 bar of 4% and you want to turn it into 10%, by pumping in 20%. What will the final
pressure of the mixture be?
160 Bar 10%
A chamber is to be pressurised to 90 msw, using 18% and 2%. The final ppO2 must be 600 mb. What
depth of 18% should be added to start the pressurisation?
13 msw
A chamber is to be pressurised to 250 fsw, using 16% and 2%. The final ppO2 must be 0.5 ata. What
depth of 16% should be added to start the pressurisation?
32.6 fsw
A chamber system has a volume of 40m3. What volume of gas would it take to pressurise it to 150 msw?
600 m3
A chamber system has a volume of 1,200 ft3. What volume of gas would it take to pressurise it to
500 fsw?
18,180 ft3
A chamber system has a volume of 30m3. It is to be pressurised to 90 msw, with 21 msw of 12% and
69 msw of 2%. What volume of each gas would be needed?
63 m3 of 12% and 207 m3 of 2%
A medical lock is 0.8 m long and 0.3 m in diameter. The chamber is at 160 msw. How much gas is used
when the lock is operated?
0.912 m3 of
1 msw of oxygen increases ppO2 by
0.1 bar
3 fsw of oxygen increases ppO2 by
0.09 atm
Nine divers are in saturation for 5.5 days. How much oxygen will they use in the chamber?
35.64 m3
1237 ft3
A decompression from 95 msw takes two days, with a ppO2 of 600 mb. There are two divers in the
chamber, and the chamber volume is 10 m3. How much oxygen is used?
16.98 m3
Six divers are in saturation for eight days at 110 msw, with a ppO2 of 400 mb. Before starting the
decompression, the ppO2 is raised to 600 mb. The decompression takes three days. The chamber
volume is 15 m3. How much oxygen is used?
72.84 m3
At the start of the shift, a chamber is at 145 msw and 32°C. During the shift, the temperature fell to
28°C. If the life support crew had not added gas to maintain depth, by how much would the depth have
decreased?
2 msw
Chamber 1 is at 320 fsw, with a ppO2 of 0.4 ata and a percentage of 3.74%. It is bled to 100 fsw. What
is the ppO2 at 100 fsw?
0.15 ata
Chamber 1 is at 97 msw, with a ppO2 of 400 mb. It is blown down to 130 msw, using 2%. What is the
ppO2 at 130 msw?
466 mb
After equalisation, Chamber 1 has a volume of 12m3 and a ppO2 of 480 mb. Chamber 2 has a volume
of 8m3 and a ppO2 of 400 mb.
448 mb
During a saturation dive, nine divers will live at 95msw for 10 days, including decompression. How
much absorbent would they use?
540 kg
What is soda lime (soda sorb made of?)
Calcium hydroxide
Describe the chemical process of scrubbing C02 using calcium hydroxide (soda lime)
Co2 absorbed by moisture reacts with the calcium hydroxide to form carbonic acid. An exothermic reaction (gives off heat).
How many kilos of soda sorb will each diver use per 24 hours?
6 kilos
How many liters of Co2 does a diver generate in a day?
720 liters
Equal to o2 consumption
How many liters of Co2 will 1kg of soda sorb adsorb?
120 liters
A chamber and bell are at 185 msw, with a ppO2 of 400 mb. For the dive, the bell is separated from
the chamber and blown down on 4% to a working depth of 200 msw. What is the ppO2 in the bell at
working depth?
460 mb
A chamber and bell are at 70 msw, with a ppO2 of 500 mb. For the dive, the bell is separated from the
chamber and blown down on 4% to a working depth of 90 msw. What is the ppO2 in the bell at working
depth?
580 mb
A diver takes a chemical sampling tube reading of 0.4% in the bell at 110 msw. What will be the reading
on the percentage surface analyser (i.e. the true percentage)?
0.033%
The bellman uses a chemical sampling tube to take a CO2 reading in the bell. The scale reading is 1.4%.
If the bell is at 400 fsw, give the true percentage of CO2, the pCO2 and the SEP.
True percentage = 0.107%
Partial pressure = 0.014 ata
SEP 1.4%
What IMCA document deals with minimum gas volumes?
IMCA D050
How is heat energy measured in the metric and imperial systems?
Metric: Joules or Calories
Imperial: BTU’s
What is the specific heat capacity of of substance?
Amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kilo of the substance by 1 degree C
What are the 3 ways to transfer heat?
conduction, radiation, convection
How many times faster does water conduct heat that air?
24 times
How many more times conductive is Helium than air?
6 times
How many more times conductive his hydrogen than air?
7 times
A low hot water temperature with a high flow rate can transfer as much heat at a high temperature with a low flow rate to the diver.
True or False
True.
What is the rough calculation guide for hot water temp drop over the length of an umbilical?
Temp drop = Umbilical length / flow rate
Describe buoyancy
volume of water displaced x density of water
What is the density of sea water? (Metric & Imperial)
1.03 kg/l, or 1.03 t/m3 or 64.38 lbs/ft3.
What is the density of fresh water? (Metric & Imperial)
1.00 kg/l,
or 1.00 t/m3 or 62.5 lbs/ft3.
A diving bell displaces 5 m3 of sea water and weighs 4.8 tonnes. Is the bell positively buoyant?
Positive buoyancy = 0.35 tonnes
A diving bell displaces 180 ft3 of sea water and weighs 5.2 imperial tons. Is the bell positively buoyant?
Negative buoyancy = 0.03 tons
How much does diver weigh?
150 kg
A block of concrete, 2m x 2m x 3m, is lying on the seabed. The density of concrete is 2,400 kg/m3.
How much force is required to lift the block clear of the seabed?
16.44 tonnes
What is the maximum breaking force of a weak link?
70 kg
Maximum pO2 supplied to the diver on bailout
1.4 bar
Therapeutic treatment PPo2
1.6 to 2.8 bar
Other acceptable bailout mixes
Bottom mix
>350 mb (chamber mix)
IMCA Saturation (in water) PP02
0.5 to 0.8 bar
Saturation (in chamber) PPo2
0.35 bar to 0.5 bar
Maximum PPO2 for surface supplied diving
1.4 bar
Diver gas consumption from a bail-out bottle or other supply source in an emergency
40 l/min
1.5 ft3/min
Reclaim losses
5 l/min
0.18 ft3/min
Bell Co2 (Maximum)
20 mb
0.02 bar
2%
20,000 ppm
Chamber Co2 Maximum
5 mb
0.005 bar
0.5%
5,000 ppm
Co2 Poisoning PPM
40,000 PPM
Loss of consciousness PPM Co2
100,000 PPM
Anterior means
front of the body
posterior means
to the back
midline is
imaginary line down
the center of the body.
Superior means
towards the top
inferior means
towards the bottom
Proximal means
closer to
distal means
further away
carbon dioxide in the blood is dissolved as
carbonic acid
Carbonic acid levels in the blood stimulate breathing
True of False
True
dioxide poisoning is called
hypercapnia
Oxygen will only pass into the bloodstream if the pO2 (partial pressure or tension of oxygen) in the
lungs’ alveoli is higher than the pO2 in the blood in the capillaries in contact with the alveoli.
True or False
True
What is internal respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at cellular level
What is external respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
Inadequate oxygenation of the cells is known as
Hypoxia
Total lack of oxygen is called
Anoxia
There are ….. organ systems in the body.
11
The 4 important to diving are
skeletal;
respiratory;
circulatory;
nervous.
How many bones in the human body
206 separate bones
How many vertebrae in the spine
26 vertebrae
Top 7 vertebrae in the spine known as
cervical vertebrae
Rapid pressurisation can cause discomfort or even pain in the joints is
compression arthralgia
Blood cells are created in
Bone marrow
How many sinus cavities are there in the cranium? (skull)
4
five principal body cavities
cranial cavity
spinal cavity
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
the pharynx is
throat
larynx is
voice box
food and liquids are normally prevented from entering the lower airway by
epiglottis
tubes are about 1mm in diameter in the lungs are known as
bronchioles
The bronchioles continue to branch, eventually terminating in grape-like clusters of tiny, hollow air sacs
known as
alveoli
In an adult male lung surface area area is about
70 m2
The alveoli are covered in a network of fine blood vessels called
capillaries
arterial gas embolism is
Rupture of aveloi wall allowing gas to enter bloodstream
Each lung is covered by a double layer of membranes
called
pleura
The two layers of the pleura are so close together that they are virtually in contact with each other.
They are separated only by a thin layer of fluid called
pleural fluid
pleural fluid acts as
lubricant
to allow the pleural membranes to slide over each other
If the space between the pleural membranes
becomes filled with gas is is known as a
pneumothorax
haemothorax is
blood between the two plural layers surrounding the lungs
De-oxygenated blood is carried to the lungs by
pulmonary artery
Oxygenated blood is carried from
the lungs back to the heart by the
pulmonary vein
exhaled gas contains about …%
oxygen
16%
The average adult male takes about …. breaths
12
Tidal volume is about …. ml of gas
500 ml
The total lung capacity is about ……. ml
6000 ml
in very deep breathing about
5000 ml of gas can be moved. This is known as the …… capacity of an individual
vital capacity
During normal respiration at rest, the body uses about ….. ml of oxygen per minute
250 ml
During exercise
oxygen use can be …… ml per minute or more.
1000 ml
IMCA D050 recommends using a consumption of …..ml per minute
500 ml
During normal breathing about ….ml of gas remains in the dead space
150 ml
Arteries carry
blood ….. from the heart
away
veins return blood ….. the heart
to
gas exchange with the tissues takes place from the
capillaries
There are how many blood circulation circuits.
two
The systemic circulation supplies all the
body
* except lungs
The pulmonary circulation passes only through the
…….
lungs
Haemoglobin carries about …..% of the oxygen with the remainder dissolved in the plasma
95%
leucocytes are
white blood cells
platelets preform what function
Blood clotting
The right heart
receives blood from the ………. circulation and sends to to the lungs
Systemic
left heart receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it through the
systemic circulation to supply all the body tissues and then back to the right heart
True of False
True
…………. blood pressure is the pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the heart is contracted
Systolic
………… blood pressure is the pressure when the heart is
relaxed.
Diastolic
Optimum blood pressure is what?
120 / 80
Mild hypertension is what blood pressure ?
140 / 90
No radial pulse indicates a systolic blood pressure below what?
80 mmHG
Below …… the femoral pulse will not be detectable
70 mmHG
below ……. the carotid
pulse will not be detectable
60 mmHG
Capillary refill gives a quick indication of blood pressure in a casualty. How fast should a fingernail return to pink colour after it is blanched by pinching lightly?
2 seconds
The heart muscle is stimulated to beat regularly by a series of electrical impulses. Various circumstances
such as electric shock, hypoxia, severe hypothermia, electrolyte imbalance caused by near drowning,
trauma and a variety of medical conditions can cause this rhythm of electrical impulses to become
chaotic.
This is known as?
ventricular fibrillation
The normal heart rate may be anything from ….. to …….
40 to 80 bpm
Although there is a single, continuous nervous system it is convenient to subdivide it into the central
nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
True of False
True
The organs of the central nervous system are covered by layers of membrane known as the …….
meninges
……….. fluid circulates around brain and spinal cord under the meninges
Cerebro-spina
The 3 principal parts of the brain are the…..
cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and controls…..
higher functions such as thought,
speech and voluntary movement.
The cerebellum lies beneath the cerebrum and is of similar shape but considerably smaller. It exerts
unconscious control over…
basic functions
The brain stem links into the spinal cord and also controls the …….
operation of the heart and lungs
The middle ear is connected to outside atmosphere via the …………. ……………
Eustachian tube
The ossicles transmit the vibrations to the ……… in the inner ear. The cochlea contains the hearing
sense organ, which transmits the information to the brain via the ………. nerve.
cochlea
auditory
fluid filled semi-circular canals which control ………..
balance
IMCA international code of practice DO14 that at least how many team members are diver medics
two
What is DMAC 15
Medical Equipment to be Held at the Site of an
Offshore Diving Operation
What is DMAC 28
The Provision of Emergency Medical Care
for Divers in Saturation