imblanances and complications iv therapy

Question 1

Hematoma

Answer 1

mass of blood outside b. vessel

Question 2

hematoma causes

Answer 2

nicking the vein during insertion, d/c iv site

signs and symt: local mass, discomfort

Question 3

infiltration

Answer 3

seepage of solution surrounding tissue

Question 4

infitration causes

Answer 4

iv catheter dislodged or tip penetrates vessel wall

S&S: slowed/stopped flow, tender, swelling, pallor, hardness coolness @ site or burning

Question 5

extravasation

Answer 5

seepage into tissure. iv cath dislodged or hit vessel wall

S&S: burning pain swelling blister(late sign) may see necrosis

Question 6

phlebitis

Answer 6

inflam of vein. due to iritation, infusion of solution or sepsis.
S&S: reddness, pain swelling slow infusion elevated temp

Question 7

Thrmbophlebitis

Answer 7

thrombosis and inflam. in leg veins for infusion, hypertonic or highly acidic sloution

Question 8

thrombophlebitis S&S

Answer 8

sluggish flow rate edema tender warmth and erythema @ site

Question 9

septicemia

Answer 9

presence of microorganisms or their toxic products in the circulatory system.

Question 10

septicemia S&S

Answer 10

flucutuating fever chills tachycardia confusion hypotension altered mental status ,^ WBC

Question 11

air embolus

Answer 11

air in vascular system. by loose connections add new IV bag w/o clearing it.

Question 12

air embolus S&S

Answer 12

palpitations chest pain lighheadedness dyspnea cough hypotension tachy change in mental status

Question 13

Hyponatremia causes

Answer 13

diuretics, GI fluid loss, adrenal insufficiency, too much hypotonic solution inappropriate ADH

Question 14

hyponatremia S&S

Answer 14

anorexia n/v weakness confusion lethargy muscle cramps seizures

Question 15

hypernatremia

Answer 15

excessive sodium intake, water deprived, ^ water loss from sweating heat stroke diabetes
hypertonic tube feeds

Question 16

hypernatremia S&S

Answer 16

thirst elevated temp dry mouth

hallucinations iritability seziures

Question 17

hypokalemia

Answer 17

diuretics GI fluid loss vomiting diarrhea steroid administration hyeraldosteronism anorexia/ bulimia

Question 18

hypokalemia S&S

Answer 18

fatigue, anorexia, n/v muscle weakness, decrease GI motility dysrhythmias paresthesia flat T wave

Question 19

Hyperkalmia

Answer 19

renal failure K+ sparing diuretics hypoaldosteronism ^ K+ intake acidosis major trauma hemolyzed serum

Question 20

hyperkalemia S&S

Answer 20

muscle weakness, dysrythmias flaccid paralysis tall T wave intestinal colic

Question 21

hypocalcemia

Answer 21

hypoparathyroidism malabsorption pancreatitis alkalosis vit D deficiency

Question 22

hypercalcemia

Answer 22

hyperparathyroidism malignant bone disease thiazide diuretics excess ca+ supplements prolonged immobilization

Question 23

hypercalcemia S&S

Answer 23

muscle weaknesss consitpation anorexia/bulimia kidney stones bradycardia bizarre behavior polyuria

Question 24

hypomagnesemia

Answer 24

chronic alcoholism malabsorption diabetic keotoacidosis prolonged gastric suction

Question 25

hypomagnesemia S&S

Answer 25

neuromuscular irritibility disorientation mood change dysrhythmias sensitive to digitilis

Question 26

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 26

renal failure adrenal insufficiency excess replacement

Question 27

hypermagnesemia S&S

Answer 27

flushing warm skin, hypotension, drowziness, hypoactive reflexes, depressed respirations bradycardia